Removing kidney stones via percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) using smaller sized instruments (mini-PNL) appears to be as effective and safe as using larger (traditional) instruments, but more clinical research is needed.
Bladder stones (BS) constitute 5% of urinary stones. Currently, there is no systematic review on their treatment. Objective: To assess the efficacy (primary outcome: stone-free rate; SFR) and morbidity of BS treatments.
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