The investigation objective was to reduce the area density of a cotton/Lycra plain knitted fabric according to the product specification. The knitting and after-treatment process parameters were optimized. Simultaneously, knitted fabric parameters were monitored and knitted fabric performance properties like shrinking and laundering and elastic properties: breaking extension, maximum extension at cyclic loading upto defined load/ extension and residual extension were assessed.
The development of knitted fabrics with incorporated elastane has increased in recent decades. Knitting with these elasticized yarns usually results in a very compact structure. Loop length is considered to be the primary parameter for knitted structures. Consequently, knowledge of all factors influencing loop length is vital for planning yarn consumption, comfort fit, quality, performance and aesthetic properties of knitted fabrics made from elasticized yarns. The objective of this research was to study the impact of material, knitted structure and relaxation process parameters on loop length. In addition, the objective was to examine the differences in loop length of single weft knitted fabrics, produced from different types of elasticized and non-elasticized yarns. For both groups of knitted fabrics, elasticized and non-elasticized, knitted fabric density and relaxation process influence the loop length most of all. Loop length decreases during the process of consolidation, but this decrease is not substantial. Addition of elastane does not significantly influence the loop length.
The texture of a fabric can be perceived by the haptic and visual senses. Visual texture can be defined as a visual quality of a surface. It is an important phenomenon because it can be significant in many fields, such as textile design and e-commerce. At the same time, when we consider the semantics of the word, it is important to take into account that there are a variety of manifestations of fabrics (e.g., woven, knitted, etc.). The mechanism of visual texture perception of fabrics was investigated by measuring visual evaluation values. In our experiment, 12 textile samples with different surface textures are evaluated using thirty-four adjectives (Kansei words). For each visual texture, the adjectives with the highest mean ratings are extracted and analyzed. By using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we aimed to discover and determine preferences for the visual texture of fabrics. The result is a semantic explanation of fabric texture with the adjectives proposed, which can help customers to evaluate the quality of the textile.
Comfort is an important quality criterion, especially for sportswear. It influences well-being, performance and efficiency. The necessary dissipation of heat and air flow, at high metabolic rates, must be designed and planned in advance. The influence of structure, density, mass and thickness of fabric were considered as well as yarn material composition, yarn linear density, yarn evenness and yarn hairiness. The influence of the mentioned parameters on thermal properties and air permeability was calculated. From the correlation analysis, it can be concluded that yarn’s linear density, yarn short fibers hairiness, and mass per unit area of knitted fabric has the greatest impact on heat resistance. The yarn linear density, the yarn hairiness of the longer protruding fibers, and the thickness of the knitted fabric have the greatest impact on air permeability. A statistically significant model of multiple linear regression equations was offered to predict the thermal comfort of knitted fabric.
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