Background: Diseases of the visual organ negatively affect the quality of life of the elderly. A comprehensive study of the pathology of the visual organ among the elderly population of the Voronezh region has not been conducted. The aim of the study: Analysis of visual deficit and geriatric status of rural patients with various ophthalmic pathologies. Materials and methods: The data were obtained retrospectively from medical records and case histories of 842 elderly patients (≥60 years old) who sought inpatient medical care in the "ophthalmology" profile in the period from 2018 to 2020. The extracted data included: age, gender, marital status, occupation, visual acuity, primary and concomitant ophthalmological diagnoses, medications, surgical interventions on the eyes. Results: The average age of patients was 69.8±7,5 years, 524 (62.2%) women. The most common were cataracts and glaucoma, there were also patients with AMD, DARP, refractive disorders, retinal detachment, senile pathology of the eyelids. Anti-glaucomatous drugs had a predominant share (57.1%) among all drugs used for the treatment of eye diseases. 66.4% were hospitalized for surgery, and 18.1% had previously undergone eye surgery. 61.4% of patients had a decrease in visual acuity of less than 40% in both eyes on admission, while 8.1% had poor vision or blindness in 1 or both eyes. Age and glaucoma were factors largely associated with severe visual deficits and blindness. Certain geriatric syndromes are associated with age in patients with visual deficits, among which the greatest prevalence is characteristic of falls syndrome, anxiety-depressive syndrome and cognitive impairment syndrome. Conclusion: The most common age-related eye diagnoses are glaucoma, cataract, and AMD. It is necessary to popularize the promotion of prevention and timely treatment of preventable causes of low vision and geriatric syndromes in the elderly.
The palaeo-Volga River valley existed within the present-day Lower Volga region during the last 600-700 ka. Its lower parts periodically transformed into a long and deep ingressional estuary with the apex location controlled by the amplitude of the Caspian Sea level rise. Between the Early Khvalinian highstand of +50 m and the Early Holocene Mangyshlak lowstand at -100 m, the apex of the Volga Delta has wandered 700 km alongstream. The estuarinemarine and alluvial environments in the ingressional estuary in the area between the present-day cities of Volgograd and Astrakhan, were changing throughout the entire Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The associated succession reflects a complex history of the Caspian Sea level oscillations. Only over the last 16 ka, there have been six marine (estuarine) phases within the Volga-Akhtuba valley correspondent to the Late Khvalinian and Novocaspian transgressions. The transgressions alternated with regressive phases associated with the dominance of alluvial environments in the Lower Volga valley. There are pronounced traces of three transgressive-regressive phase alternations of the Late Khvalinian and Novocaspian ages in the modern VolgaAkhtuba floodplain topography, that correlate with four generations of ancient floodplain and delta surfaces distinguished in this study. Surfaces of different age generations differ in absolute and relative heights, morphological types of floodplain topography, and present-day vegetation.
Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, г. Пермь 2 Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, г. Москва Изучение разрезов пойменных генераций верхней Камы позволило установить по особенностям расположения в них почв, торфа, пойменного, старичного и руслового аллювия возраст пойменных геосистем-время возникновения их инвариантного начала. Возраст геосистем может колебаться от первых сотен лет у второй и третьей генераций до 6 тыс. лет у четвертой и пятой, причем для древних генераций в зависимости от их современного расположения в речной долине (удаленности от русла) и принадлежности к той или иной пойменной зоне в период формирования разброс этих значений, по-видимому, может быть достаточно большим (сотни-тысячи лет). Причиной возникновения таких
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