The subject of research was technogenic waste systems formed in the last century due to the activities of presently closed mining enterprises in the Amur River Region and Primorye of the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Experimental studies allowed to establish that toxic sulphidized mineral processing waste accumulated for the 20th century in tailings storage facilities (TSF) in large quantities produce negative impact on the environment. It was revealed that their conservation and reclamation were not carried out. However, they pose huge threat not only to the environment, but also to public health. In this regard, the research goal was to assess environmental hazard of the accumulated toxic waste and substantiate the possibility of mitigating their negative impact on biosphere components and human health. Based on the research goal, the following tasks were set: 1) analysis and generalization of the existing experience of studying the problem in Russia and abroad; 2) identification of the main sources of crisis situations at closed mining enterprises, indicators and criteria for as sessing the environmental hazard of the accumulated mineral processing waste; 3) assessment of the environmental hazard of the accumulated mineral processing waste; 4) development of principles and measures aimed at ensuring environmental safety of TSF comprising toxic waste. The following methods were used: physical-chemical, bio logical, as well as mathematical modeling, GIS technologies, etc.Based on the study of the TSF current state, assessment of the level of technogenic environment pollution, and patent search, the authors substantiate the need for effective solution to this problem. It was found that the waste belongs to the second hazard class (highly hazardous). The excess of 4 to 46 times above the regional background indicators (metal concentrations), and more than 200 times above MPC was revealed. It has been proven that the TSF surface does not naturally run wild for 30 years. Patent search and our own experimental research allowed developing measures to ensure environmental safety of sulfidized tin ore processing waste, novelty of which was confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation.
The article presents the results of the study of the problem of developing the scientific basis for ensuring the ecological safety of forest ecosystems using remote sensing of the Earth. We are talking about increasing the degree of their protection in the conditions of increasing the negative impact of pollution by waste from the processing of tin ores in the Vysokogorsky tailing dump of the closed Khrustalnensky GOK. Therefore, the aim of the study was to use methods of remote sensing of the impact on the forest ecosystems of the tailing dump to solve environmental problems. The article presents the principles of ensuring their environmental safety from waste, taking into account geoinformation technologies. The article presents an analysis of the current state of the tailing dump surface as a source of intensive technogenic pollution of forest ecosystems, and an assessment of the processes of evolution of environmental components after the termination of technogenic impact using remote sensing of the Earth. The use of remote sensing methods made it possible to clarify the migration routes and the nature of the flows of pollutants from the discarded tailing dumps. Ways to reduce their negative impact on forest ecosystems have been developed.
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