A comprehensive characterization of photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the nanoporous tin oxide (SnO x ) films of different thicknesses and complex internal morphology is presented. Nanoporous SnO x layers were obtained by one-step anodic oxidation (anodization) of Sn foil in 1 M NaOH. Semiconducting films with a uniform diameter of ca. 50 nm were grown if the potential of 4 V was applied during anodization, and the layers with different thicknesses were synthesized by changing the duration of the process. Switching the potential between 2 and 4 V allows the formation of anodic films with segments of different channel diameters. The optimal anodizing duration for layers with uniform channels was found to be 50 minutes, which corresponds to the thickness of SnO x film of slightly above 6 μm. In the case of layers with segments of different channel diameters, the segment arrangement was found to be crucial for optimal PEC performance. Layers with the segment of narrower channels being in the contact with the current collector were found to exhibit enhanced photoelectrochemical performance compared to their counterparts with an opposite segment arrangement. This was mainly attributed to the favorable band arrangement facilitating the transfer of the photogenerated electrons to the external circuit as well as enhanced adhesion of the anodic SnO x layer to the current collector. Highlights 1. Nanoporous SnO x films were synthesized electrochemically.2. Layers with various morphologies were studied as photoanodes. 3. The optimal thickness of anodic SnO x was found to be 6 μm.4. Enhanced PEC performance was observed for multisegment anodic films. 5. The segment arrangement is crucial for optimal PEC performance.
Przedmiotem badań stał się ogród krajobrazowy Aleksandria w Siedlcach założony przez Aleksandrę z Czartoryskich Ogińską. Na podstawie źródeł archiwalnych i ikonograficznych opracowano takie zagadnienia jak: historia powstania ogrodu, sprawa autorstwa i datowania, rekonstrukcja struktury zatrudnienia, analiza układu przestrzennego, geneza form budowli oraz ich treść ideowa.
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