An analytic comparison was made of cold-pressed rapeseed oil produced from unroasted seeds and coldpressed oil produced from seeds that had previously undergone roasting at temperatures of 140 °C, 160 °C, and 180 °C for 5, 10, and 15 min. It was determined whether the duration and temperature of roasting have any qualitative and quantitative effects on the contents of the native antioxidants (tocopherol, PC-8, phenolic compounds, canolol, and phytosterols) found in rapeseed oil. At the same time, changes in the antioxidant activity of oils produced from roasted seeds were determined. It was shown that roasting has no significant effect on the quality of cold-pressed oils. The peroxide value of the oils ranged from 2.03 to 3.48 meq O 2 /kg, while the acid value did not exceed 0.68 mg KOH/g. Slight changes were observed in oils in terms of tocochromanol contents. A decrease was seen mostly in the level of the -T homologue, with an increase in the contents of -T and PC-8 (in oil from seeds roasted at 180 °C). In the oil from the unroasted seeds, the canolol content was 11.54 g/g oil. It was shown that increases both in temperature and in duration of seed roasting result in a statistically significant increase in the canolol content of cold-pressed oils. For the seed roasted at 180 °C for 15 min, this increase was fiftyfold (609.94 g canolol/g oil). The same roasting conditions also led to a twofold increase in the antioxidant activity of the oil. Practical applicationsCold-pressed oils are increasingly frequently chosen by consumers due to their reputation as good source of bioactive components. An obvious example of such a food product is cold-pressed rapeseed oil made from roasted seeds, in which the levels of canolol-a product of the decarboxylation of sinapic acid-is markedly increased. This compound is ascribed strong antioxidant properties, as well as antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. Such oils truly deserve to be labeled bioactive products. www.ejlst.com European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology ccep t e d A Artic le Graphical abstractAn analytic comparison was made of cold-pressed rapeseed oil produced from unroasted seeds and coldpressed oil produced from seeds that had previously undergone roasting at temperatures of 140 °C, 160 °C, and 180 °C for 5, 10, and 15 min. It was determined whether the duration and temperature of roasting have any qualitative and quantitative effects on the contents of the native antioxidants (tocopherol, PC-8, phenolic compounds, canolol, and phytosterols) found in rapeseed oil. In the oil from the unroasted seeds, the canolol content was 11.54 g/g oil. It was shown that increases both in temperature and in duration of seed roasting result in a statistically significant increase in the canolol content of cold-pressed oils. For the seed roasted at 180 °C for 15 min, this increase was fiftyfold (609.94 g canolol/g oil). The same roasting conditions also led to a twofold increase in the antioxidant activity of the oil.

The impact of ionizing radiation generated by a beam of electrons of 25–400 kGy on the stability of such analogs of anthracycline antibiotics as daunorubicin (DAU), doxorubicin (DOX), and epidoxorubicin (EPI) was studied. Based on EPR results, it was established that unstable free radicals decay exponentially with the half-time of 4 days in DAU and DOX and 7 days in EPI after irradiation. Radiation-induced structural changes were analyzed with the use of spectrophotometric methods (UV-Vis and IR) and electron microscope imaging (SEM). A chromatographic method (HPLC-DAD) was applied to assess changes in the contents of the analogs in the presence of their impurities. The study showed that the structures of the analogs did not demonstrate any significant alterations at the end of the period necessary for the elimination of unstable free radicals. The separation of main substances and related substances (impurities and potential degradation products) allowed determining that no statistically significant changes in the content of particular active substances occurred and that their conversion due to the presence of free radicals resulting from exposure to an irradiation of 25 kGy (prescribed to ensure sterility) was not observed.

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The influence of pH and temperature on the stability of N-[(piperidine)methylene]daunorubicin hydrochloride (PPD) was investigated. Degradation was studied using an HPLC method. Specific acid-base catalysis of PPD involves hydrolysis of protonated molecules of PPD catalyzed by hydrogen ions and spontaneous hydrolysis under the influence of water zwitterions, unprotonated molecules, and monoanions of PPD. The thermodynamic parameters of these reactions, energy, enthalpy, and entropy, were calculated. Also, the stability of daunorubicin and its new amidine derivatives (piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, and hexahydroazepin-1-yl) in aqueous solutions was compared and discussed.

Radiation sterilization is a widely used method for ensuring the sterility of medical and pharmaceutical products. The process involves exposing the products to ionizing radiation, which destroys microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, rendering the products sterile. The most commonly used ionizing radiation sterilization methods are highly penetrating with low dose rate gamma-irradiation from isotopic sources and less penetrating but with high dose rate e-beam from accelerators. This review provides an overview of the principles and applications of radiation sterilization, including the types of radiation sources used, the differences between them that may affect the efficacy of the process, and the regulatory requirements for radiation sterilization of active pharmaceutical ingredients and drug dosage forms. This review focuses on the analytical methods used to evaluate the effect of irradiation on drug substances. Finally, it discusses studies on radiation sterilization of various groups of drugs, including anthracyclines, β-lactam antibiotics, chloramphenicol and its derivatives, sulphonamides, antifungal drugs, β-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, and others, and drug dosage forms.

The use of any of the four types of CBRN weapons in various acts of terrorism could lead to undermining economic stability, public security and the integrity of the European Union. Recent attacks in Europe have shown once again that home-made explosives and firearms remain the weapon of choice for terrorists. Despite the fact that, so far, there has not been any terrorist attack using a dirty bomb, one which combines radioactive material with conventional explosives, according to the European Parliament briefing terrorists from ISIL/Da’esh in their future attacks may use non-conventional weapons, and the most probable of these is the use of an improvised explosive device containing radioactive materials. This type of attack could potentially lead to severe consequences for large number of people. Such consequences can be significantly reduced thanks to properly prepared and exercised emergency response procedures for first responders. The aim of this article is to present first response procedures in the case of terrorist incidents with ionising radiation. These procedures are based on a specially prepared TMT Handbook which contains the collective views of an international group of experts in the radiological and nuclear field. These procedures are also recommended and presented by the European Commission during the training courses it organises in cooperation with experts from Member States. Furthermore, these procedures have been modified and adapted according to our practical experience and the legislative procedures currently in force in Poland.

The aim of this paper is to present the most relevant clinical applications of positron emission tomography/ /computed tomography, scintigraphy and single photon emission tomography with different radiotracers allowing to visualize e.g. glucose metabolism, amino acids metabolism, receptor density or inflammation and infections in diabetology.

Aim: Without taking into consideration the pedagogical justification for doing the strength training by prisoners, the authors of this study discuss the problem of the consequences of allowing prisoners to do the strength training freely. The study was conducted to determine the frequency and the location of the overload changes in the musculoskeletal system of prisoners who do the strength training as well as the presumable reasons for such changes. Methods: The study was conducted with the use of an interview technique among 44 men, repeat offenders serving a sentence of imprisonment in a prison in Inowrocław, regularly engaged in strength training in their free time. Results: The respondents trained quite often (more than 5 times a week), slightly more than a half of them started the training with the warm up, and 64% did not do any stretching exercises after the training. The overload changes associated with strength training affected 30% of the respondents. Conclusion: The high level of injury among prisoners who do the strength training is due to: too many sessions a week, the lack of warm up and stretching exercises, as well as the insufficient level of knowledge on the prevention from sports injuries.