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Introduction: The human gut microbiota has become the subject of extensive research in recent years and the knowledge of the species inhabiting the gut is growing rapidly. Microbiota plays an important role in human health and diseases. It takes part in obtaining and storing energy, as well as in metabolic functions. The aim of the study: The purpose of the study is to collect and review scientific publications about the impact of gut microbiota on human health. Material and method: The paper uses standard criteria as the research method. The articles used to create the reviews were published on the PubMed and Google Scholar platforms. Description of the state of knowledge: Numerous studies suggest that composition of intestinal microbiota has impact on the long-term functioning of the human organism. Depressive disorders appear to be associated with changes in the microbiota. In depressed patients, fewer bacteria of the type Bacteroidetes and higher level of Alistipes are found. A few studies have demonstrated a link between gut microbial signatures and hypertension. Studies have shown that T2DM patients may have an altered composition of gut microbiota, mainly a decreased Bacteroidetes/ Firmicutes ratio and decrease in some functional bacteria when compared to healthy people. Intestinal microorganisms are also a key element in the proper functioning of the immune system by influencing the maturation process of the immune system's cells. Summary: To sum up, numerous studies indicate that abnormal composition of the intestinal microflora is the cause of not only faster development of metabolic syndrome, but also other diseases. It influences the development of circulatory, nervous or immune system diseases. Its abnormal composition is influenced by many factors such as diet, lifestyle or antibiotic therapy.

Introduction and purpose: COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that is caused by a new strain of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (type 2 acute respiratory syndrome virus). Globally, as of 14 July 2021, there have been more than 4 million deaths and almost 190 million confirmed cases of infection. Mental health disorders are sets of behaviours, ways of thinking or perceiving and other mental activities and relations with other people which are a source of suffering or impediments to the individual functioning of the affected person. The most common mental health disorders are anxiety disorders, insomnia, depression and somatic disorders.  State of knowledge: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted people's lives around the world through the rapid spread of the disease, high mortality and negative health effects. Over time, there is growing public concern that health systems may become overburdened and that adequate medical care will not be available to everyone affected by the disease. There are also concerns that isolation and reduced mobility will be long-term with serious consequences for mental health and well-being.  Summary: There is already evidence of the negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents, as well as the elderly who have been isolated, making these individuals more susceptible to developing long-term psychiatric disorders.

Introduction: Both in Poland and around the world, many people, especially those who regularly engage in sports, struggle with a wide variety of musculoskeletal ailments. One of them, relatively often occurring against the background of problems affecting the knee and patellofemoral joint, is the problem of patellar dislocations. Patellar dislocation is the slipping of the patella out of its proper place, which is the trochlea of the femur. The ailments mentioned above are of particular importance for athletes. To prevent this, any physical activity should be approached with care, and effective treatment and rehabilitation methods should be implemented. The aim of the study: The objective of the study was the presentation the case of a man dancer patient who experienced a dislocated patella during ballroom dance training and to present current methods of treatment and management of patellar dislocations in athletes based on a review of the PubMed and Google Scholar literature. Results: The case report concerns a 21-year-old patient who suffered a first-time injury of lateral dislocation of the patella of the right knee during ballroom dance training. The patient's symptoms included severe pain, swelling and complete limitation of mobility of the right knee. An X-ray confirmed a dislocation of the patella. Based on the examination performed and the clinical picture, a diagnosis was made and an attempt was made to reposition the dislocation and appropriate treatment was administered. Conclusions: Acute dislocation of the patella is most often caused by an injury sustained during physical or athletic activity. Management of acute patellar dislocation includes manual adjustment of the patella, checking the continuity of soft structures and possible surgical repair, and long-term rehabilitation, but it does not always disqualify from sports, even at a professional level, but nevertheless can significantly impede it.

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