Obtaining the foam-glass ceramic building materials bypassing the process of high-temperature glass melting and the use of local rocks as raw materials, which can significantly reduce the cost of the final product, is an urgent task of modern building materials science. The aim of this work is to study the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of foam- glass ceramic building materials obtained by one heating of the mixture consisting of silica-containing rock (tripoli) and soda ash. The developed heat-insulating building materials have an average density of 200 to 600 kg/m3, compressive strength of 1.2 to 9.8 MPa, thermal conductivity of 0.053 to 0.065 W/m °C. Studies establishes a rational ratio of components in the composition of foam glass ceramics based on silica rock. In the production of foam materials, the heating rate of the charge should vary from 3 to 4.5 ° C / min, and the maximum heating temperature from 800 to 850 ° C. The developed material will expand the range of thermal insulation building materials and can be used in the construction of industrial and civil facilities, nuclear power plants, in the gas and oil industry.
Аннотация. Приоритетными направлениями государственной политики в области обращения с отходами являются: максимальное использование исходного сырья и материалов, предотвращение образования отходов и др. В техногенных отходах сосредоточено огромное количество сырьевых материалов. Одним из видов твердых промышленных отходов являются отходы производства минеральной ваты, так называемые «корольки», которые составляют от 15 до 30 % от готовой продукции. Химический и фазовый состав данного вида отхода делает возможным использовать его в качестве активной минеральной добавки при производстве портландцемента. Данная статья посвящена изучению особенностей влияния отходов производства минеральной ваты на процессы гидратационного твердения цементного камня и технологические свойства цементных паст и затвердевших композитов. С позиции обеспечения получения материалов с нормативными и улучшенными свойствами в результате проведенных исследований подтверждена возможность использования отходов производства минеральной ваты в качестве активной минеральной добавки для цемента.Ключевые слова: портландцемент, физико-механические свойства, отходы производства минеральной ваты, цементные композиты, активная минеральная добавка.Информация об авторах Ерофеев Владимир Трофимович, доктор технических наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой строительных материалов и технологий.
Introduction: the article is dedicated to assessing the condition with respect to use for traffic methods of bridges as part of hydraulic structures (dams, hydroelectric power stations, locks). The main factors affecting the structural element’s durability included in the composition of the hydraulic structures are dynamic loads (applied repeatedly and repeated) affecting the bay due to the hydrodynamic effect; temporary, moving loads from passing highway transportation, along the top of the structure (along the roadway); harmful chemical impurities contained in the water passing through the structure. Under the influence of the above-mentioned factors, defects and damage occur in the hydraulic facilities’ structural elements. Methods: the authors assessed the actual state of the material of the operating structure. To assess structures and materials actual state during the bridge structure inspection work, the following instrumental measurements were performed on as-built structural elements: leveling the top of the sidewalks and the roadway; materials strength determination of the main supporting structures by nondestructive methods; thickness measuring the asphalt concrete pavement of the roadway; determination of the degree of carbonation of concrete; identification of defects in the elements of the bridge. The actual structure’s concrete strength was determined by nondestructive testing methods: (1) by the method of the elastic rebound; (2) by the shock pulse monitoring method; (3) an indirect method of concrete strength ultrasonic testing based on the revealed relationship between the method of separation with shear test and methods – shock pulse and elastic rebound. Results: technical condition and bridge safety indicators calculation as a hydraulic structure element was executed. Discussion: technical examination results of the bridge structural elements and instrumental studies confirm the conclusion about the repair measures need with high-strength concretes and protective coatings based on polymer composite materials. Final report: following the emergency scenarios a numerical estimate table for the quantitative and qualitative parameters list was made, parameters corresponding to a particular structure state. Thus, according to the scenario related to the 3rd accident group, the bridge technical condition is assessed as limited operable, and the safety level is reduced.
The article is dedicated to the construction mix technology development and the study intended for the bridgework damaged structures repair. It presents the results of a study of composites made on the concrete and polymer binders basis. It is shown that the main factors affecting the hydraulic structures' structural elements' durability are both dynamic and mobile loads from the effects of the vehicles, and chemical effects from impurities contained in the water passing through the structure as well as biological effects from bacteria and filamentous fungi. Previously in the article "Bridges maintainability evaluation peculiarities as part of hydraulic structures" were given hydraulic structures inspection results, found various defects and damages: cracks, chips, peeling, etc. In this article, to eliminate such defects were proposed the compositions of varnish-and-paint, mastic mixtures, and resin concrete. For the structure's repair with significant damage, were proposed powder-activated concrete use. In the experimental research process, the cement and polymer concrete compositions with improved strength and other properties recommended for use in power loads conditions, chemical and biological aggressive media, were established. Recommended for use as binders for biocidal cement. presented technological operations for repair work using cement and polymer mixtures. The developed composites' practical use is advisable, including in the structural defects elimination course in hydraulic structures located outdoors in zones with thermal and humidity cycling.
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