There is a global tendency to rejuvenate joint diseases, and serious diseases such as arthrosis and arthritis develop in 90% of people over 55 years of age. They are accompanied by degradation of cartilage, joint deformities and persistent pain, which leads to limited mobility and a significant deterioration in the quality of life of patients. For the treatment of these diseases in the late stages, depending on the indications, various methods are used, the most radical of which are methods of joint arthroplasty and, in particular, total arthroplasty. Currently, total arthroplasty is one of the most effective and high-quality surgical operations at the relevant medical indications. However, complications may also arise after it, leading, inter alia, to the need for repeated surgical intervention. In order to minimize the likelihood of complications, the artificial joints used in total arthroplasty and the technology of their fabrication are constantly being improved, which leads to the emergence of new designs and methods for their integration with living tissues. At the same time, at the moment, the improvement of traditional designs and production technologies has almost reached the top of their art, and their further improvements can be insignificantly or are associated with the use of the most up-today technologies, allowing for friction couples with low tribological properties to provide for them high ones, for example, gradient increase hardness in the couple titanium alloy on titanium alloy. This paper presents the current state of traditional technical means and technologies for joint arthroplasty. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the latest technologies in the field of joint arthroplasty, such as osseointegration of artificial joints, the improvement of materials with the property of osteoimmunomodulation, the improvement of joint arthroplasty technologies based on the modeling of dynamic osteosynthesis, as well as the identification of possible unconventional designs of artificial joints that contribute to these technologies, predictive assessment of areas for technologies improvement.

Abstract. The present study assesses the impact of the main typical activities of patients' daily living (ADL) after total hip arthroplasty (

Abstract. The existing model of wear, based on the classical

Synovial joints are unique biological tribosystems that allow a person to perform a wide range of movements with minimal energy consumption. In recent years, they have been increasingly called “smart friction units” due to their ability to self-repair and adapt to changing operating conditions. However, in reality, the elements of the internal structure of the joints under the influence of many factors can degrade rather quickly, leading to serious disease such as osteoarthritis. According to the World Health Organization, osteoarthritis is already one of the 10 most disabling diseases in developed countries. In this regard, at present, fundamental research on synovial joints remains highly relevant. Despite the fact that the synovial joints have already been studied fully, many issues related to their operating, prevention, development of pathology, diagnosis and treatment require more detailed consideration. In this article, we discuss the urgent problems that need to be solved for the development of new pharmacological agents, biomaterials, scaffolds, implants and rehabilitation devices for the prevention, rehabilitation and improvement of the treatment effectiveness of synovial joints at various stages of osteoarthritis.

Artificial knees play an important role in transfemoral prostheses

No abstract

Abstract-In the control process of transfemoral prostheses in real time, the need to solve a number of non-trivial tasks there arises. The most difficult of them: recognizing the intentions of the disabled person to carry out any movement in the short term and choosing the optimal strategy for moving to the target, taking into account excessive number degrees of freedom of the prosthetic system. At the same time, the optimal should be considered the strategy of movement, which ensures the safety and most comfortable walking of a disabled person from its subjective point of view. Such a strategy can be implemented in a frame of the intellectual-synergistic concept of control. Herewith, the prosthesis control system is designed based on two basic subsystems: the intellectual subsystem -designed to assess the current state and recognize the intentions of the disabled person and the synergetic subsystem -designed to select the optimal strategy for limb movement toward the goal. In this work, the structure of the transfemoral prosthesis control system, realized within the framework of the intellectual-synergistic concept with regard to synergistic quality criteria, is substantiated. It is shown that the use of reasonable synergetic quality criteria allows successfully solving the pseudo-Bernstein problem when planning the movements of controlled transfemoral prostheses and using these movements as reference for the prostheses control system.

For the first time, a design of a modular ceramic ball head of a total hip joint replacement (THR) friction pair has been developed, which has the properties of a metal in conjunction with the stem neck and the properties of a ceramics on bearing surface of the pair. This is achieved by creating a low-cost, low-toxic, durable fixed connection of the head made of alumina or zirconia ceramics and the titanium-based alloy sleeve to obtain a brazed joint that is efficient in human synovial fluid. With the help of finite element analysis, a quantitative assessment of the strength and rigidity of the proposed head design was performed and its use in modern hip arthroplasty was indicated. The approbation of the proposed design solutions for creating a THR ceramic head with a titanium-based alloy sleeve brazed was carried out.