Background: Interactions between pharmaceutical and medical device industries and students can lead to commercial influences on educational messages, with a potential to bias future treatment choice. This is the first study in the Baltic countries describing exposure and attitudes of medical, pharmacy and nursing students towards cooperation with industry. Methods: A cross-sectional on-line survey of current medical, pharmacy and nursing students (n = 918) in three Baltic countries was carried out.Results: We found that most students participate in events organized or sponsored by industry and accept a range of gifts and benefits. Students in the Baltic countries consider cooperation with industry important; at the same time, most do not feel that they have sufficient training on how to ethically interact with pharmaceutical and medical device companies and believe that these interactions can influence their prescribing or dispensing patterns. There is a tendency to rationalize cooperation with industry by referring to the current economic situation and patient benefits. Pharmacy students have higher rates of participation and they accept gifts and other benefits more often than nursing or medical students; therefore, they are likely to be more vulnerable to potential industry influence. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need to include topics on ethics and conflicts of interests in cooperation with industry in curriculum of health care students in Baltic countries. Without proper training, students continue to be at risk to industry influence and may develop habits for their further practice differing from evidence-based practice in prescribing and dispensing of medicines, as well as use of medical devices.
Tyrimo tikslas. Išanalizuoti dažniausiai literatūroje aprašomas ūminio kepenų nepakankamumo (ŪKN) priežastis, diagnostiką, gydymo galimybes ir jų veiksmingumą, susipažinti su ŪKN klinikiniu atveju. Tyrimo metodai. Literatūros apžvalga. Atrinkti straipsniai, kuriuose aprašomas ŪKN klinikinėje praktikoje. Apžvalga atlikta naudojantis elektroninėmis duomenų bazėmis „PubMed“ ir „UpToDate“. Straipsniai atrinkti pagal reikšminius žodžius ir jų derinius: acute liver failure, drug-induced liver injury, acetaminophen poisoning, hepatitis B virus, fulminant hepatic failure. Išanalizuoti mokslinių publikacijų literatūros šaltiniai, siekiant įvertini naujausią medžiagą. Rezultatai. ŪKN yra itin greitai progresuojanti ir gyvybei pavojinga būklė, kurią dažniausiai sukelia hepatotoksinių vaistų perdozavimas ir virusinės kilmės hepatitai. Liga diagnozuojama atsiradus ūminiam kepenų pažeidimui, sutrikus kepenų sintetinei funkcijai ir išsivysčius hepatinei encefalopatijai. ŪKN gydymas skirstomas į etiologinį ir simptominį, kai yra indikacijų, gali būti atliekama kepenų transplatacija.
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