This paper considers the issue of mining non-metallic (rock) products in the context of transition economies. Our studies have shown that interest in non-metallic products is growing every year, as evidenced by the growing volumes of production both around the world and in the group of countries considered in the article. The market analysis for non-metallic minerals has revealed the market development dynamics; however, its high monopolization may lead to some restrictions on free competition in subsoil use. In order to assess such monopolization, we have calculated the Herfindahl-Hirschman index for each non-metallic mineral mined in countries with economies in transition. We have found that the entire product range under consideration is part of a highly concentrated market dominated by the Russian Federation. We have presented some options for designing and introducing various kinds of arrangements to develop the mining potential of non-metallic minerals in order to reduce the dominant component of individual countries or companies and to balance the market. It is proposed to consider a partial transition from the possibility of developing deposits to an underground one — as an alternative option that harms the environmental load on the situation in the mining area. The results of this study will be used to conduct a detailed analysis in each country under review, which will provide the most complete picture of the mining industry in countries with economies in transition.
The growing needs of mankind for minerals predetermine a systematic increase in the scope of mining operations. However, it is known that mineral resources are not evenly distributed in the bowels of the earth; therefore, due to their production, some regions of our planet can significantly outstrip other regions in their technical and, as a result, economic development; hence, the constant need to extract more minerals in order to develop the domestic industry and to strengthen the economy. This paper is devoted to the Central Asian states, their internal structure, economic integration into the world economy, and the mining sector development as the basis of a successful model for the development of the country as a whole. The study summarizes and analyzes the political system and socio-economic conditions in the Central Asian states. It presents a brief overview of the scale of mining operations; provides information about the mining industry structure in each country and the proceeds from its sales. Taking the Central Asian states as an example, we demonstrate the importance of the mining sector as an integral part of a country’s domestic economic structure.
Stoping, which is the initial link in the chain of the production processes of coal-face operation, significantly determines the performance of handling and mining-andconveyor equipment, as well as losses and ore contamination. The size of the broken ore determines the cost of its mechanical crushing before lifting. Besides, the quality of breaking has a direct effect on the efficiency of ore enrichment. This influence manifests itself mainly in a significant increase in the cost of mechanical crushing and grinding of the ore, which are the most energy-consuming processes in ore dressing. The share of breaking in the direct financial costs of hard ore development, depending on the rock strength, reaches 20 – 35 %. Assuming that the main purpose of blasting operations in the mine is the destruction of the rock massif with creating the conditions for high-performance execution of the subsequent production processes of ore extraction, one should be careful about cost savings on breaking. The fact is that the proposed activities that reduce the cost of drilling and blasting may result in general deterioration of the quality of breaking. Therefore, the criterion of efficiency of any variant of blast hole drilling is to be an integrated indicator of the overall economic result of the entire production process chain, from coal-face operation to enrichment. Naturally, under certain conditions, when the effect of the results of stoping has local nature, the calculations can be made not for the entire production complex. This work analyzes the existing methods of calculating the parameters of blast hole drilling (BHD) in longhole stoping and considers the mining factors that affect the efficiency of stoping in similar geological conditions, namely, the oversize yield and the cost of coal-face operation. In practice, there are no methods for calculating the parameters of BHD that would be recognized as uniform and quite satisfying the needs of enterprises in all regions and types of mining. Depending on the local conditions, the homedeveloped methods proven by the practice are used, which are improved with experience. This work shows the experience in ore stoping at the Zapolyarny mine, and provides the results of industrial observations of the actual oversize yield.
The territory of the present-day People’s Republic of China is rich in mineral and energy resources which stimulate the growth of the extractive industry in the country. China is currently the world leader in the production of 31 commodities (mineral products): molybdenum, tungsten, iron, aluminum, lead, zinc, gold, coal, gypsum, bentonite, and many others. This stimulates the development of the appropriate infrastructure and training of specialists in the mining industry, the development of international links for investment and the exchange of best production practices. The purpose of this work was to study the history of exploration and extraction of natural resources, establish a domestic strategy for the development of the mining and metallurgical sector, and review leading Chinese mining and metallurgical companies. The paper reviewed key domestic processes in China which would affect the domestic and global mining and metallurgical industry. An assessment of natural resource deposits throughout the whole territory of the country was carried out with their brief description, highlighting the prime prospects, and presenting commodity reserves. The paper presents the main challenges for the mining and metallurgical industry to be met in the 14th Five-Year Plan. The development of the industry up to 2025 implies the expansion of extractive capacities with an overall reduction in dependence on imports, enhancing exploration programs, and the reduction of harmful emissions from operating enterprises, etc. Special attention is paid to publicly traded mining and metallurgical companies in China. The leaders in each sector are presented, and their brief economic indicators are given.
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