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Aim. Formulate proposals to improve the state policy of entrepreneurship development and investment climate in the Republic of Dagestan.Tasks. To study the current state of the investment climate and entrepreneurial activity in the Republic of Dagestan. Consider international experience of interaction between business and public authorities. Determine the main direction in the activities of state and municipal authorities, civil society institutions and the business community of the Republic of Dagestan to create a favorable investment climate in the republic.Methods. The work uses the methods of social constructivism, institutional, structural-functional and comparative analysis, statistical, as well as formal-logical research methods.Results. According to the data obtained, the investment sector of the region’s economy needs some improvement. There is a negative dynamics of investments in the fixed capital of the republic, as well as a decrease in the volume of investments per capita in recent years. Data for 20 19–2021 show an increase in the volume of public investment, while the volume of private investment in the fixed capital of the republic is significantly decreasing.Conclusions. The authors suggest that the authorities authorized in the field of entrepreneurship and investment focus on the information technology direction of investment activity development. It is recommended to improve and actively promote the recently created investment map of the Republic of Dagestan, to ensure the creation of mechanisms for updating it and filling it with new content, which will significantly modernize investment activities and bring it to a qualitatively new level. The largest capital in the stock market is made during periods of recession, thanks to the investment and navigation map. It’s just that people don’t notice it in a crisis.
The article addresses human rights from the perspectives of defining their conceptual foundations, considering them as an element of geopolitics and a context-oriented approach to ensuring them. The recognition of the dignity of the human person — the main thing, on what is based the concept of human rights. The idea of human dignity manifests itself in the equal status of each person and is expressed in the fact that at birth each person becomes a member of the corporate body of humanity. From this point of view, any attempt to deprive a person of his “innate” corporate identity as a member of humanity is precisely what constitutes a violation of human rights. At the same time, practice should be separated from rhetoric. At the level of political practice, the history of human rights, as in the time of Locke, retains all the signs of social inequality, remains the history of drawing the boundaries of the rights of some social groups, strata and peoples at the expense of limiting others. Identifying the essence of human rights with Western culture denies the possibility for other cultures to have the same rights. Affirming that those who are not part of Western culture are excluded from the human rights radar. Accordingly, the most productive approach in the theory and practice of ensuring human rights is the context-oriented approach, which involves representatives of different cultures in the dialogue, who do not necessarily share the same understanding of human rights ethics, acting as a context-dependent universality.
The author of the chapter asks the question: what can psychoanalysis teach us about identifying the basis of 'leadership'? This can be illustrated by the example of former US President Donald Trump. Freud's theory of group psychology and ego analysis provide a conceptual means for clarifying the sense in which Trump can truly be described as a leader. According to Freud, what constitutes a cohesive group is inextricably linked to the «libidinal bond» between the leader and his followers, analogous to two «organized» groups, namely the Roman Catholic Church and the army. The unifying role of the leader in relation to the group also relies on a shared hatred of something external to the group. According to Naomi Klein, a factor in Trump's leadership is the peculiarities of his sadistic nature, deployed in relation to «Trump the Disciple», which provides a clue to formulating the unconscious grounds for identifying Trump's followers with him: since Trump «denies» castration (powerlessness) or lack, he embodies the imaginary «fullness of being» with which they identify themselves.
In the chapter, based on the works of Z. Freud and J. Lacan, reveals the impact of psychoanalytic theory on the formation of the concepts of «symbolic capital» and «habitus» by Pierre Bourdieu. Sociology does not pretend to replace psychoanalysis with its mode of explanation; it is only a question of constructing certain data differently, which psychoanalysis also takes as its object. Sociology and psychoanalysis act as different, complementary approaches to the same thing, the latter as internal to the former. Psychoanalysis offers a richer set of concepts for analyzing the idiosyncratic meaning that different people attach to general social conditions. Sociology and psychology must join forces, but this will require them to overcome their mutual suspicion, to analyze the genesis of investment in the field of social relations, constituted as an object of investment and concern, as a principle of investment in the social game. Bourdieu's ideas, including the concepts of habitus and symbolic capital, in the course of their further interpenetration with psychoanalytic theories, will open new horizons for understanding social reality.
The purpose of this chapter is to shed light on the interweaving of nationalism and populism, to identify the structural and socio-psychological factors from which the two discourses emerge. Nationalism is to come - as not so much a rational, but rather an emotional phenomenon, consisting of higher gnostic feelings of the belonging of mental processes to our "I". There are "banal" and "hot" forms of nationalism "banal" nationalism can be defined as the psychological presence of the nation against the background of everyday socio-political practices. Nationalism in the "hot" sense is to be as a psychological force that creates nation-states or threatens the stability of existing states. Also, Populist slogans are based on the psychology of winning one or another political force the trust and support of the masses. At the same time, the real goals of populist politicians (struggle for power, business project and enrichment), as a rule, are covered with socially attractive ideas. Standard populist statement: "We, the common people, will take to the streets and take back the country."
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