Observed through agronomic and economic significance, cereals represent the most important group of field plants, and the protein content in grain is the most important chemical parameter of complex grain quality. The research was conducted in order to determine the influence of the variety and different doses of nitrogen on the grain yield and protein content in triticale grain. The experiment, set up according to a random block system in four replications on eutric cambisol soil in the north of Montenegro, included five varieties of winter triticale (Odyssey, Triumph, Rtanj and Tango).In addition to the control (variant without fertilization), four more fertilization variants were applied. The results of the research showed that the application of fertilizers has a significant influence on the values of the observed traits on the one hand, but also that the grain yield and protein content in the grain is largely conditioned by the genotype. In this regard, the highest average protein content in the grain had the variety Triumph in both tested years. The protein content of all tested varieties was significantly lower in the control variant compared to the fertilized variants. The highest grain yield in the first year had the variety Tango while the highest yielding variety in the second year was variety Rtanj.
The paper presents the results of three - year tests (I, II, III) of finishing alfalfa seed of three different purities. Natural alfalfa seeds were classified into three groups: 1) without the presence of quarantine weeds; 2) with the presence of quarantine weeds of Cuscuta spp. and Rumex spp., but in smaller quantities; 3) in which there were also quarantine weeds in larger quantities. The alfalfa seeds were cleaned on a selector with sieves and on a magnetic separator manufactured by Emceka-Gompper. Depending on the purity of natural alfalfa seed, the finishing process had to take place in one to three passes through a system of machines, which caused different finishing output and losses of finishing processed alfalfa seed (9.2 to 38.0%). After finishing, the highest quality of processed seeds was from the group with the highest quarantine weeds (group 3), which was reflected in the lowest percentage of hard seeds (16%) and the highest percentage of germination (83%) in all years. This is also shown by a highly significant negative correlation between germination and hard seed (r=-430) after three years of seed processing.
Sažetak:Rad prikazuje rezultate ispitivanja dorade naturalnog semena crvene deteline i lucerke različitih početnih čistoća, na mašinama za doradu. U Republici Srbiji gaji se veći broj višegodišnjih leguminoza zbog njihovog izuzetnog značaja u proizvodnji stočne hrane. Najznačajnije višegodišnje krmne leguminoze u Srbiji po površinama na kojima se gaje, kao i po kvalitetu hraniva u ishrani domaćih životinja su lucerka i crvena detelina. Seme koje se koristi za setvu za njihovu proizvodnju mora da bude čisto, visoke klijavosti i genetske vrednosti. Svi ovi zahtevi ostvaruje se doradom, odnosno odstranjivanjem svih nečistoća i semena lošijeg kvaliteta.Cilj ispitivanja bio je da se pri doradi semena ove dve višegodišnje leguminoze prikažu koji su parametri efikasnosti mašina za doradu. Prikazani su svi relevantni parametri koji definišu karakteristike mašina za doradu semena, a to su: čisto seme (%), seme korova i seme drugih kultura (%), inertne materije (%), količina dorađenog semena (kg), gubici semena (%) i randman dorade (%). * Kontakt autor: E-mail: dragoslav.djokic@ikbks.com . Rad je deo istraživanja na projektu br. 31057 iz oblasti biotehnologije "Poboljšanje genetičkih potencijala i tehnologije proizvodnje krmnog bilja u funkciji održivog razvoja stočarstva" koji finansira Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije.
The paper presents the three years efficiency results (2011-2013) of the work and ways of harvesting (three types of mowers, with or without spreading the forage) influencing the quality of the forage (the content of crude protein and crude fiber) during the three days drying process. These results indicate that the harvesting method can strongly affect the work efficiency, energy consumption, the forage drying intensity and the quality of forage used for hay and haylage preparation. The best quality of the forage was achieved when a drum rotating mower PÖTTINGER CAT 185 was used. Negative correlation was found between content of crude protein and the crude fibre content, depending on the type of mower, varying in the range between r=-0.978 and r=-0.882 (PÖTTINGER CAT 185 r=-0.882 P≤0.05 to JF STOLL SB 200 r=-0.978 P≤0.001).
This paper presents the results of the cleaning tests of three different natural alfalfa seed lots and three different red clover seed lots performed using seed processing machines. The alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and the red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) are two of the most important perennial forage legumes in the Republic of Serbia. Alfalfa and red clover seeds for sowing should be clean, i.e. free from weeds and foreign matter, and of high germination and genetic values. Such requirements can only be achieved by cleaning, i.e. removing all undesirable impurities and poor-quality seeds. The following parameters important for the seed cleaning process and equipment were observed: seed purity, contents of weed and other crop seeds, inert substance content, amounts of processed seeds (kg), seed loss and processing output. The results obtained facilitate (depending on the amount and type of weeds and other impurities found in the alfalfa and red clover seed lots considered) the proper adjustment of the seed processing equipment to obtain the largest possible quantity of quality seeds that are in compliance with the laws and regulations of Serbia.
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