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Djerdap in the Earliest Period Djerdap, porþile de Fier, Demirkapı or Iron Gates are all toponyms that designate the largest gorge in Europe, which begins after the confluence of the Nera and the Danube. It belongs to the so-called composite gorges because it consists of three valleys and four gorges that alternate. Such an arrangement gave Djerdap exceptional beauty, but also favorable conditions for the flora and fauna to flourish. That, and the favorable climate, caused the rise of one of the first civilizations in Europe. The gorge has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Every civilization that lived or stayed there for a while left its mark, which is why the gorge is especially rich in archaeological sites.Even in the Mesolithic there was a developed community of fishermen, later farmers, on the territory of Djerdap, dated to the period between 9500 and 5500 years bce. 1 That was the Lepenski Vir civilization, which itself is divided into Proto-Lepenski Vir 1 and 2 (9500-7200 bce) and Lepenski Vir I-III (6250 to 5500 bc). Seven hunting and fishing-type settlements with 136 residential and sacral buildings were discovered in that area. Archaeological excavations at the site of Lepenski Vir have shown the beginnings of cultivation and domestication. The settlements were built on the lowest Danube terraces facing the river. One of the characteristics of the Lepenski Vir culture is the beginning of cult worship with sanctuaries and famous fish-like sculptures. Around 5300 bce, the Neolithic revolution engulfed the Lepenski Vir and brought the beginnings of agriculture and the domestication of animals. The growing population required more arable land, which led to natural migration, due to which the culture of Lepenski Vir eventually died out around 4500 bce. 2 The Danube had two names in antiquity: Danubius and Ister. Geographer Strabo divides the river into two parts: above the Iron Gate is the Danubius and below is the Ister. 3 With its tributaries in its lower course, the Danube formed an extensive network of routes that connected numerous territories and peoples. From the north, the Tisza River brought with it numerous tribes originating in the Carpathians and the southern Russian steppe. The Great Morava River with its tributaries led to the heart of the Balkans and the civilization of the Mediterranean. The Timok River, which flows into the Danube, connects today's eastern Serbia with southwestern Romania and western Bulgaria. It formed a natural corridor through which various tribes moved, not always

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