Cómo citar este artículo/Citation: Bermejo, M., Santos, A. P., Goicolea, J. M., Pérez, A. (2015). Evaluación de acciones explosivas sobre estructuras de hormigón armado mediante elementos finitos. Informes de la Construcción, 67(539)
RESUMENEl fenómeno de explosión sobre estructuras de hormigón tiene efectos en muchos casos catastróficos a pesar de su reducida frecuencia. Las edificaciones civiles no suelen estar diseñadas para resistir este tipo de solicitación dinámica, por lo que conviene disponer de una metodología que permita analizar los efectos de las explosiones sobre las mismas. Este trabajo estudia el comportamiento de las estructuras reticuladas de hormigón armado frente a estas acciones, mediante métodos numéricos de elementos finitos lagrangianos con integración explícita en el tiempo. Se analizan de forma realista partes de la estructura como columnas y forjados usando modelos con hormigón y armaduras de forma segregada, pero las limitaciones computacionales los hacen inviables para estructuras completas. Se proponen modelos de elementos lámina y viga debidamente calibrados para obtener una respuesta similar.Se obtienen conclusiones para el uso y calibración de modelos y simulaciones realistas de edificios completos para estudios de seguridad.Palabras clave: Explosión; estructura reticulada hormigón; losa reticulada; MEF explícitos; láminas.
ABSTRACT
Experimental research on imposed deformation is generally conducted on small-scale laboratory experiments. The attractiveness of field research lies in the possibility to compare results obtained from full-scale structures to theoretical predictions. Unfortunately, measurements obtained from real structures are rarely described in literature. The structural response of integral edifices depends significantly on stiffness changes and constraints. The New Airport Terminal Barajas in Madrid, Spain provides investigators with large integral modules, partially post-tensioned concrete frames, cast monolithically over three floor levels with an overall length of approximately 80 m. The field campaign described in this article explains the instrumentation of one of these frames, focusing on the influence of imposed deformations such as creep, shrinkage, and temperature. The applied monitoring equipment included embedded strain gauges, thermocouples, hand-held mechanical strain gauge measurements, and simple displacement measurements. Data were collected throughout construction and during two years of service. A complete data range of five years is presented and analyzed. Using a simple approach, the results are compared to predict the longterm shortening of this concrete structure. Both analytical and experimental results are discussed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.