Objetivo. Determinar los factores higiénico-sanitarios asociados a la contaminación microbiológica de la carne de pollo comercializada en los mercados municipales de El Salvador. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en los 33 mercados municipales de las cabeceras departamentales de El Salvador. La muestra se calculó a partir de 456 puestos de venta, obteniendo un total de 256 puestos. Por cada puesto se obtuvo una muestra de carne de pollo. El análisis microbiológico se realizó en el Laboratorio Nacional de Salud Pública. Se calcularon frecuencias, porcentajes, medidas de tendenciacentral y de asociación utilizando SPSS versión 21. Resultados. En el 74% de las muestras se encontróEscherichia coli, en el 24%, Staphylococcus aureus y en el 16%, Salmonela spp. La presencia de Salmonella spp, estuvo asociada con el no uso de desinfectante para las manos y no utilizar toalla para secarse las manos. La presencia de E. coli estuvo asociada al uso de accesorios personales y la inadecuada temperatura de almacenamiento. Mientras que la presencia de S. aureus, estuvo asociada a la falta de lavado de manos, no utilizar toalla para secarse las manos y no utilizar delantal. Conclusión. Las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias de los manipuladores y de los puestos de venta están asociadas a la contaminación microbiológica en la carne de pollo comercializada en El Salvador.
Introduction. The extended distribution of pesticide facilitates the increase of pesticide poisoning in the developing countries. A rate of 35 × 100 000 people was reported in El Salvador. Objective. To describe the epidemiological situation of acute pesticide poisonings, registered in the public health system of El Salvador between 2012 and 2015. Methods. A cross sectional study that includes 5988 persons. The variables were evaluated through absolute value and percentage. The incidence rate per 100 000 habitants, was calculated. Spatial analysis was made through choropleth maps. Results. The annual mean of intoxicated was 1497. The most affected people have a mean of age of 31 years old (SD 17.2) mainly men (68.6%) from the rural area (74.7%). Almost half of intoxicated was a suicide attempt (48%) and 26.9 % was occupational intoxication. Most of 40 pesticides was identified as causative of intoxication. The 10.5 % of intoxicated died. The incidence rate was 94.6 × 100 000 people. In the 97 % of the municipalities was registered pesticide intoxication with a rate of 137.1 × 100 000 people. Conclusion. The people of all ages were affected by the pesticide poisoning, mainly the young men from the rural areas, who use the pesticide for suicidal attempt and most of them died.
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