Resumen.-Las lagunas costeras se caracterizan por su alta diversidad, riqueza y abundancia de peces, las cuales pueden ser modificadas por la variabilidad de las condiciones ambientales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir la estructura de la comunidad de peces y relacionar su variabilidad estacional con los parámetros de temperatura y salinidad en una laguna costera. Durante 6 campañas de muestreo se recolectaron 4.199 peces, agrupados en 95 especies. Los resultados indicaron que la riqueza, diversidad y equidad tuvieron un comportamiento estacional similar con valores mayores durante otoño 2010, primavera 2011 y 2012; la abundancia fue mayor en otoño 2010, verano 2011 y 2012 y la biomasa en otoño 2010 y verano 2011. La relación de la temperatura y salinidad a través del análisis RDA con los parámetros ecológicos, indicó que algunas de las especies dominantes son de afinidad cálida y otras de afinidad fría. Mientras que la riqueza y diversidad se incrementan durante temporadas frías, la biomasa y equidad aumentan en las temporadas de mayor salinidad; por su parte la abundancia se incrementa en temporadas cálidas. Las curvas ABC mostraron estrés moderado durante invierno y verano de 2012 y el MDS indicó la formación de 4 grupos, dos integrados por 2 periodos de muestreo y dos por uno solo de ellos. Los parámetros ecológicos presentaron variaciones estacionales debido a la influencia de los cambios en temperatura y salinidad. Palabras clave: Variabilidad estacional, parámetros ecológicos, comunidad de peces, laguna costeraAbstract.-Coastal lagoons are characterized by high diversity, richness, and abundance of fishes, which can be modified by high variability of environmental conditions. The present study aims to describe the structure of the fish community and related its seasonal variability with temperature and salinity in a coastal lagoon. During 6 seasonal sampling campaigns 4,199 fish were collected and grouped in 95 species. The results indicated that richness, diversity and evenness indices showed similar pattern with higher values in autumn 2010, spring 2011 and 2012, abundance was higher in autumn 2010, summer 2011 and 2012 and biomass in autumn 2010 and summer 2011. Relationship of temperature and salinity through the RDA analysis with ecological parameters indicated that some dominant species are of warm affinity and other of cold affinity. Richness and diversity increase during cold seasons, while biomass and evenness increase in seasons of higher salinity and abundance increases in warm seasons. The ABC curves showed moderate stress in winter and summer 2012 and MDS indicate the formation of 4 groups, two integrated by 2 sampling periods and two by single sampling period. Ecological parameters showed seasonal variations because they are influenced by changes of temperature and salinity.
RESUMEN.Se presenta la composición de especies de peces y sus aspectos biogeográficos de la Laguna Las Guásimas, localizada en el sector central del Golfo de California. Se realizaron siete campañas estacionales de muestreo y las colectas se efectuaron con tres artes de pesca: atarraya, chinchorro de línea y red de arrastre. Se observaron 95 especies representadas por 16 órdenes, 38 familias y 67 géneros. Las familias mejor representadas por su número de especies fueron: Carangidae, Sciaenidae, Haemulidae, Paralichthydae, Engraulidae y Gerreidae. Además se identificaron tres especies endémicas del Golfo de California (Micropogonias megalops, Leuresthes sardina y Pleuronichthys ocellatus). El análisis de afinidad biogeográfica mostró una alta dominancia de especies distribuidas en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical (Provincia de Cortés y Panámica) y especies transicionales entre la Provincia de California y el Pacífico Oriental Tropical (POT). Utilizando investigaciones sobre peces efectuadas anteriormente en la localidad, se realizó una comparación entre las especies previamente registradas en la localidad y las registradas en esta investigación, utilizando como indicadores la vulnerabilidad y resiliencia. Se observaron cambios en la estructura de la comunidad a lo largo de tiempo, que pudieran ser inducidos por cambios ambientales, actividades antropogénicas como la pesca y/o la dinámica del ecosistema. La mayoría de las especies que son nuevos registros (84%), mostraron vulnerabilidades de moderadas a altas, enfatizando la alta importancia de la laguna como área de crianza y protección de estas especies. Palabras clave: peces, biodiversidad, afinidad biogeográfica, Laguna Las Guásimas, Golfo de California. Composition and biogeography of the fish assemblage associated with the coastalLas Guásimas Lagoon, Sonora, Mexico ABSTRACT. We presented the species composition and biogeography at the Las Guásimas Lagoon, located in the central portion of the Gulf of California. We perform seven sampling and the seasonal collections were made with three gear: cast nets, seine and trawl line. We recorded 95 species represented by 16 orders, 38 families and 67 genera. The families in number of species were: Carangidae, Sciaenidae, Haemulidae, Paralichthydae, Engraulidae and Gerreidae. Besides were identified three endemic species of the Gulf of California (Micropogonias megalops, Leuresthes sardina and Pleuronichthys ocellatus). Biogeographic affinity analyzes showed results that indicate a high dominance of species distributed in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (Province of Cortes and Panamic) and transitional species between the California Province and the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). We use previous research on fish in the locality and make a comparison between the previously recorded species and new species observed, using as indicators of vulnerability and resilience. Changes in community structure over time, which might be induced by environmental changes, human activities such as fishing and/or ecosystem dynamics were obse...
Taxonomic composition and zoogeographical aspects of deep sea fishes (90-540m) from the Gulf of California, Mexico. The Gulf of California has a high variety of ecosystems that allow different services and the fishery resources play a prominent role in its ecology, evolution and economics. Fish coastal species have been previously reported for most coastal areas, especially those species that are subject to fishing, however, little is known on the species from deep sea zones, due to sampling difficulties. We studied the deep sea fishes collected with trawl nets during three research surveys in the Gulf of California, Mexico in 2004-2005. We provide a systematic checklist and some notes on biogeographical aspects. For this, 74 fishing hauls were done, and a total of 9 898 fishes were captured, belonging to two classes, 15 orders, 35 families, 53 genera and 70 species. The best represented families in number of species were: Paralichthyidae (eight), Serranidae (six), and Scorpaenidae and Triglidae with five species each one. The typical families from deep waters were: Ophidiidae, Moridae, Lophiidae, Scorpaenidae, Triglidae, Paralichthydae, Pleuronectidae and Cynoglossidae. Size range varied from 13cm for the Splinose searobin (Bellator xenisma) to 234cm in the Pacific Cutlassfish (Trichiurus nitens). The biogeographical affinity showed that species with affinity to the East Tropical Pacific (ETP) dominated, followed by species from San Diego-Panamic, San Diego-Panamic-Peruvian-Chilean and Oregonian-Cortes provinces, respectively. A biogeographic overlap was found in the fauna, which reflects the Gulf of California's geographical position, with distribution limits of species from temperate, tropical and warm-temperature transition affinities, divisions that characterize the Gulf of California. Taxonomic status of fish with a focus on composition, location, characterization and zoogeography are fundamental to any subject of biodiversity and fisheries management actions. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (1): 347-360. Epub 2012 March 01.
The assemblage of the fish species obtained as bycatch in trawl nets on the Gulf of California in 2004, 2005 and 2007 was studied. Sampling was carried out during July and August at a series of stations along the coast of Sonora. The criteria for the most important fish species caught were drawn from abundance and frequency of occurrence and weight, using various ecological indices (index of relative abundance, biological value index and index of relative importance). After identification, these species and their abundances were used to define study groups based on similarity matrices and Ward's clustering method. We analysed 125 fish hauls containing 19,000 organisms, representing 243 species (fish, crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms). There were 28 dominant species, most notably Urobatis halleri, Synodus scituliceps, Eucinostomus argenteus, Diplectrum pacificum and Haemulopsis nitidus. Cluster analysis, based on latitude, and bathymetry showed three station groupings. The first was characterized by species from the northern region of the Gulf with a bathymetric distribution 25 m. The second was dominated by species from the central to southern region from depthsB25 m. The third was a transitional group with species found between the central and southern Gulf from depths of 10 to 45 m. Most fish assemblages consist of species with wide distribution within distinct biogeographic provinces, which showed a major change in the association, frequency and absence of species from north to south, indicating a variety of habitats in the Gulf of California.
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