Systemic inflammation and TILs are early determinants of OS in HGSOC. Other variables such as the quality of debulking surgery and PDL1 also improve survival of patients. Regarding TIL sub-populations, intraepithelial CD4+ cells are associated to an increase in both PFS and OS. We also confirmed previous reports that demonstrate intraepithelial CD8+ cells correlate with an increase on PFS in ovarian cancer. A combined score using systemic inflammation and TILs may be of prognostic value for HGSOC patients.

Granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare disease whose origin is still unknown and shows an increase in its frequency. Morphological, microbiological, and molecular biology studies have linked this disease to lipophilic and fastidious corynebacteria, suggesting its possible infectious etiology. This series describes and reviews in detail the distinctive morphological characteristics of the bacteria present in the granulomas of this disease, the usefulness of histochemical techniques for their identification, and our proposal for a tissue quantification score for the bacteria. The MacCallum-Goodpasture method of Gram's stain turned out to be the gold standard for examination, but we also highlight the efficiency of hematoxylin and eosin stain when it is exhaustively examined as well as the Grocott stain to evaluate the bacterial pleomorphism method, which is often underutilized.

Summary Current treatments for systemic autoimmune diseases partially improve the health of patients displaying low pharmacological efficacy and systemic immunosuppression. Here, the therapeutic potential of transferring tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) generated with heme‐oxygenase inductor cobalt (III) protoporphyrin IX (CoPP), dexamethasone and rosiglitazone for the treatment of systemic autoimmunity was evaluated in two murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), MRL‐Faslpr and NZM2410 mice. Dendritic cells treated ex vivo with these drugs showed a stable tolerogenic profile after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Regular doses of tolDCs were administered to anti‐nuclear antibody‐positive mice throughout 60–70 days, and the clinical score was evaluated. Long‐term treatment with these tolDCs was well tolerated and effective to improve the clinical score on MRL‐Faslpr lupus‐prone mice. Additionally, decreased levels of anti‐nuclear antibodies in NZM2410 mice were observed. Although tolDC treatment increased regulatory T cells, no significant reduction of renal damage or glomerulonephritis could be found. In conclusion, these results suggest that the transfer of histone‐loaded tolDCs could improve only some SLE symptoms and reduced anti‐nuclear antibodies. This is the first study to evaluate antigen‐specific tolDC administration to treat SLE. Our report strengthens the clinical relevance of tolDC generation with CoPP, dexamethasone and rosiglitazone and the use of these modified cells as a therapy for systemic autoimmunity.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women. We retrieved medical records from >2,000 Chilean BC patients over the 1997-2018 period. The objective was to assess changes in clinical presentation or prognosis of our patients throughout these 20 years of practice. Although most variables did not display significant variations, we observed a progressive increase in stage IV BC over this period. Our data showed that tumour stage III/IV or HER2-enriched subtype tumours were associated with poorer prognosis. In contrast, we found that patients diagnosed by mammography had better overall survival. We speculate that better screenings and more sensitive imaging could explain the unexpected rise in stage IV cases. Our results support mammography screenings as an effective measure to reduce BC-related mortality.

Objective: Tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC) patients is a predictor for overall survival. The aim of our study was to determine a relationship between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) prior to NAC, BC subtypes and the probability of a pathologic complete response (pCR). Materials and Methods: Medical records were collected retrospectively from Centro de Cancer at Red Salud UC-Christus. Clinical data collected included peripheral blood cell counts, BC subtype at diagnosis and the pathology report of surgery after chemotherapy. Results: A total of 88 patients were analyzed. Approximately, a 25% had a pCR, and displayed a significant correlation between BC subtype and pCR (p= 0.0138 Chi2); this was more frequent in epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) enriched subtype patients (54%). Luminal B BC patients with a pCR had significantly lower NLR levels (t test, p= 0.0181). Conclusions: HER2-enriched tumors had a higher probability of pCR. In Luminal B tumors, NLR had a statistically significant relationship with the probability of pCR. In this subtype, NLR could be a useful biomarker to predict tumor response to NAC. Further studies including other clinical parameters for systemic inflammation such as platelet counts, intratumoral NLR or body mass index could help identify patients that would get the most benefit from NAC.