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Incorporation of Au° inside SiO2 was achieved by a solid-state method from the pyrolysis of the composites (Chitosan)•(AuCl3)n•(SiO2)m and (PS-co-4-PVP)•(AuCl3)n•(SiO2)m Similarly, the incorporation of Ag° inside SiO2 it was made from thermal treatment of the composites (Chitosan)•(AgNO3)n•(SiO2)m and (PS-co-4-PVP)•(AgNO3)n•(SiO2)m. The nature of the polymer controls the particle size for the Au/SiO2 composite, while that for the Ag/SiO2 both, polymer Chitosan and PS-co-4-PVP, produces similar particle size. In the case of the composite Ag/SiO2 the particle size as small as 5 nm were obtained.The 1:1 or 1:5 metal/polymer ratios, as well as the nature of the polymer in the macromolecular precursors (Chitosan)•(AuCl3)n•(SiO2)m and (PS-co-4-PVP)•(AuCl3)n•(SiO2)m influences the dispersion of the Au° nanostructures inside SiO2 matrix. The results are compared with those previously obtained for bimetallic composites Au/Ag//SiO2. A formation mechanism of the Au°/SiO2 and Ag°/SiO2 composites involving the combustion of the organic matter and the growth of the Au° and Ag° nanoparticles inside the holes, generated from the combustion process, is proposed.

Introduction.A high prevalence of hypogonadism (H) has been demonstrated in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). There are no studies in Latin America showing the prevalence of H in MetS in men below 60 years of age. The objective of this study was to determine the association between the MetS and levels of testosterone (T) and calculated free testosterone (cfT) in men under 60 years of age.Methodology.101 men were included between 18 and 60 years who met the IDF MetS criteria. The diagnosis of H was considered <70 pg/mL of cfT and <10.4 nmol/L (300 ng/dL) of T.Results.H with T was 17.8% and 20.7% with cfT. The H according to T had higher BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat, markers of insulin resistance, SHBG, LH, and E2. We find an inverse but weak significant correlation between T, visceral fat, and HOMA index. The linear regression analysis showed that E2 and visceral fat are determinants in H.Conclusion.We found a high prevalence of H using T and cfT in Chilean patients with MetS below 60 years of age, who turned out to be more insulin-resistant and have more visceral fat, waist, and E2 than non-H.

ResumenIntroducción: La incontinencia urinaria en el adulto mayor es definida como una condición en la que se produce una perdida involuntaria de orina que se constituye en un problema social/ médico. Es un síntoma heterogéneo que con frecuencia se puede encontrar en los adultos mayores y se asocia entre otras variables al tipo de actividad y la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre actividad física, incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo y calidad de vida de las mujeres de tercera edad de la comuna de Talca (Chile). Metodología: Esta investigación fue de tipo descriptiva-correlacional, con un diseño transversal. Se incluyeron un total de 386 mujeres adultas mayores de diferentes sectores de la comuna de Talca. Se aplicaron tres instrumentos: cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ), el cuestionario de incontinencia urinaria y el cuestionario de evaluación de calidad de vida (AQoL). Resultados: El 61,9% de las mujeres tenía un bajo nivel de incontinencia urinaria, un 65% estaba entre un nivel alto o moderado de actividad física, y 87% de las mujeres reportó una muy buena calidad de vida. Conclusión: Los datos, en función del objetivo, reflejan que la incontinencia urinaria se asocia de forma significativa con las variables actividad física y calidad de vida.Palabras clave: Actividad motora; calidad de vida; incontinencia urinaria; anciano (Fuente: DeCS BIREME). AbstractIntroduction: Urinary incontinence in elderly is defined as a condition in which there is an involuntary loss of urine that becomes a social/medical problem. It is a heterogeneous symptom that can often be found in older adults and is associated, among other variables, with the type of activity and quality of life. Objective: To determine the relationship between physical activity, stress urinary incontinence and quality of life in elderly women of Talca's commune (Chile). Methodology: This research was descriptive -correlational, with a cross-sectional design. A total of 386 older women from different sectors of Talca's commune were included. Three instruments, international questionnaire of physical activity (IPAQ), the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire and The Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL), were applied. Results: 61.9 % of the polled women had a low level of urinary incontinence, 65% was between a high or moderate level of physical activity, and 87% of the women reported a very good quality of life. Conclusion: The information, depending on the aim, reflects that the urinary incontinence associates of significant form with the variables physical activity and quality of life. Keywords:Motor activity; quality of life; urinary incontinence; aged (Source: DeCS BIREME).