Abstract. Questão Pública was a Voting Advice Application website set up for the 2010 Senate elections in Brazil. Promoted by a consortium of Brazilian and international NGOs as well as universities, Questão Pública was not only a research but also a political initiative. The consortium understood Questão Pública as a complementary tool to reinforce transparency and accountability during an election campaign. The paper presents a description of this experience, of candidate and user response resps wellas a discussion of the main features of the Voting Advice Application. We furthermore report on technical aspects, the questionnaire, and the diffusion activities the consortium undertook to convince candidates to participate as well as to attract users.
ResumenSegún Latinobarómetro, los partidos políticos son las instituciones en las que menos confían los latinoamericanos. Esto no es particular de América Latina, sino una tendencia en las democracias occidentales. En este contexto, en Europa y Estados Unidos, entre otros, los medios digitales han pasado a ser un instrumento para superar la crisis de la representación, por su potencial para renovar la política, y porque permiten una mayor transparencia y la apertura de nuevos canales de contacto y comunicación entre ciudadanos y representantes. ¿En qué medida y con qué particularidades dicha adopción sucede en América Latina? A partir del estudio de la presencia en línea de los partidos políticos y los diputados de Argentina, Paraguay y Uruguay (webs, blogs, Facebook y Twitter), este artículo explora los niveles de adopción de medios digitales y la influencia de variables como la difusión de Internet en el país, la crisis de representación y las características de los partidos políticos (institucionalización, ideología, tamaño, papel promotor de figuras destacadas) como condicionante del alcance y los rasgos de esta adopción. AbstractAccording to Latinobarómetro, political parties are the institutions which less confidence receive from Latin Americans. This is not a particularity of Latin America, but a documented problem of Western consolidated democracies. In this context, in Europe and United States, among others, the use of digital media become a tool to overcome the crisis of representation, given their capacities to renovate politics, and because they allow the offering of more publicity of public matters as well as the opening up of new channels of participation and communication between citizens and representatives. But to what extent and with which features is this adoption happening in Latin America? Based on the study of the online presence of political parties and deputies of Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay (webs, blogs, Facebook and Twitter), this article explores the levels of digital media adoption and the influence of variables such as the internet diffusion in the country, the crisis of representation and the characteristics of political parties (institutionalization, ideology, size, role of leaders) explaining the extension and characteristics of this adoption.
ResumenCon la intención de profundizar en uno de los temas centrales para la investigación actual sobre democracia participativa, este trabajo analiza la incidencia del diseño institucional sobre la participación ciudadana, centrándose en una experiencia concreta: los concejos vecinales de Montevideo. Con esta intención se analiza a) el diseño institucional de dichos concejos, b) su incidencia sobre la definición de políticas públicas, c) su funcionamiento en tanto "escuelas de ciudadanía" y d) los niveles de adhesión ciudadana que convocan. Las conclusiones del estudio señalan que el diseño limita considerablemente los resultados de los concejos vecinales tanto en términos de la influencia que tienen en la toma de decisiones como para el desarrollo de virtudes cívicas y capital político. Asimismo se concluye que el declive de la participación a lo largo del tiempo se relaciona con el diseño institucional.Descriptores: democracia participativa, concejos vecinales, Montevideo, participación ciudadana, escuelas de ciudadanía. AbstractWith the intention of exploring one of the central themes in current studies on participatory democracy, this study analyzes the influence of institutional design on citizens' participation, focusing on a concrete experience -the neighborhood councils of Montevideo. The following is analyzed: a) The institutional design of these councils, b) The influence of these councils on the definition of public policies, c) Their operation as "citizenship schools," and d) The levels of citizen support that they convoke. The conclusions of the study signal that design considerably limits the performance of neighborhood councils in terms of both the influence that they have in decision-making as well as the development of civic virtues and political capital. Thus, it is concluded that declines in participation over time is related to institutional.
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