<p>Open science policies are a much-discussed issue. This literature review aims to examine the approach given to open science policy in these studies. <b></b></p> The approach given to open science in the selected works has different aspects: policy framing and its geopolitical aspects are described as an asymmetries replication and epistemic governance tool. The main geopolitical aspects of open science policies described in the literature are the relations between international, regional and national policies. There are also different components of open science covered in the literature: open data seems much discussed in the English speaking works while open access is the main component discussed in the Portuguese and Spanish speaking papers. Finally, the relation between open science policies and the general science policy is framed by highlighting the innovation and transparency that open science can bring to it.

Introducción: Twitter es una plataforma que prioriza la inmediatez de la comunicación. Sin embargo, los tweets en áreas científicas casi nunca llegan a una audiencia amplia. Objetivo:  Examinar estrategias discursivas utilizadas por médicos peruanos con una cuenta activa en Twitter sobre la validez de los posibles tratamientos contra la COVID-19. Metodología: Análisis crítico del discurso, mediante el uso del modelo tridimensional de Fairclough y con ayuda de las nociones de ethos. Resultados: Se encontraron dos ámbitos en los que se expresa el ethos discursivo médico-científico: la construcción como individuos especialistas en salud y el abordaje dado a los aspectos del ethos médico-científico (el método, la evidencia y lo pseudocientífico). Conclusiones: El lenguaje utilizado en los tweets es impersonal y neutro. El posicionamiento de los individuos como especialistas en salud se consigue mediante una opinión temática. Un ethos discursivo que refuerza el ethos prediscursivo existente a través de estrategias discursivas como la denominación y la intertextualidad es el que desarrolla este posicionamiento.

Este artículo explora los diferentes efectos de la política de ciencia abierta en el proceso de generación de conocimiento de los investigadores en ciencias básicas: biología, química y física, utilizando un enfoque cualitativo con ocho entrevistas semidirigidas.El principal efecto percibido de la ciencia abierta es el acceso a insumos de la investigación, con el acceso abierto a articulos, los datos de investigación abiertos -especialmente la reutilización de datos y paradatos- y la reutilización de códigos como fuentes principales. Otra cuestión es el aumento de la colaboración con otros colegas en cuanto a la capacidad de colaborar a mayor velocidad y también el fomento del intercambio de ideas, es decir, se trata de un cambio cultural provocado por el intercambio de información. El tiempo dedicado a tareas como la limpieza de datos y codigos y el aumento de las publicaciones depredadoras son dos aspectos desfavorables que se han señalado. Por último, la cuestión de la comunicación científica como parte de la conceptualización de la ciencia abierta también es mencionada por diferentes investigadores, aunque se trata de un tema que queda por explorar.

During the last ten years, many institutions have begun to design, adopt, and implement open science policies (Schmidt et al., 2018; Kretser et al., 2019). Nevertheless, there is a research gap in tackling how these policies impact researchers' knowledge production. Therefore, this research investigates the researcher's opinions, perceptions, and experiences with open science policies concerning knowledge production processes from researchers from Brazil, France and Peru. It aims to highlight differences and similarities in the science disciplines across these countries. Furthermore, it aims to provide an overview of how communities of researchers from the sciences – physics, chemistry, and biology – visualize open science policies, meaning their opinion and discourse on this subject and whether their knowledge production processes have changed and to what extent they had an impact on their research products.

This literature review aims to examine the approach given to open science policy in the different studies. The main findings are that the approach given to open science has different aspects: policy framing and its geopolitical aspects are described as an asymmetries replication and epistemic governance tool. The main geopolitical aspects of open science policies described in the literature are the relations between international, regional, and national policies. There are also different components of open science covered in the literature: open data seems much discussed in the works in the English language, while open access is the main component discussed in the Portuguese and Spanish speaking papers. Finally, the relationship between open science policies and the science policy is framed by highlighting the innovation and transparency that open science can bring into it.

Introduction: Twitter is a platform that prioritizes the immediacy of communication; nevertheless, tweets in scientific areas rarely reach a wide audience. Objective: To examine discursive strategies used by Peruvian doctors with an active Twitter account on the validity of possible treatments for COVID19. Methodology: Critical discourse analysis - using Fairclough's three-dimensional model - with the help of notions of ethos. Results: Two areas were found where the medical-scientific discursive ethos is expressed: the construction as individual specialists in health and the approach given to the aspects of the medical-scientific ethos: the method, the evidence and the pseudo-scientific. Conclusions: The language used in the tweets is impersonal and neutral. The positioning of individuals as health specialists is through a thematic opinion. A discursive ethos that reinforces the existing pre-discursive ethos through discursive strategies such as denomination and intertextuality develops this positioning.

<p>Open science policies are a much-discussed issue. This literature review aims to examine the approach given to open science policy in these studies. <b></b></p> The approach given to open science in the selected works has different aspects: policy framing and its geopolitical aspects are described as an asymmetries replication and epistemic governance tool. The main geopolitical aspects of open science policies described in the literature are the relations between international, regional and national policies. There are also different components of open science covered in the literature: open data seems much discussed in the English speaking works while open access is the main component discussed in the Portuguese and Spanish speaking papers. Finally, the relation between open science policies and the general science policy is framed by highlighting the innovation and transparency that open science can bring to it.

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