Objective: To determine the prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobic bacteria and Mycoplasma hominis in vaginal specimens of women with and without bacterial vaginosis (BV) as well as to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the direct sialidase assay of vaginal fluid as a rapid test for diagnosing this syndrome.
Methods: Vaginal cultures were obtained from 109 nonpregnant women (mean age 33 ± 7.1 years), 47 of them with clinical signs of BV (BV+) and 62 of them without BV (BV- ). In addition, we determined the vaginal sialidase
activity in both groups, which may serve as a feature of this syndrome.
Results: Anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 91% and 18% of the BV+and BV- groups, respectively (p < 0.001).
Peptostreptococcus spp., Prevotella bivia and Porphyromonas spp. were strongly associated with BV. P. bivia and
Prevotella spp. represented 44% of all the anaerobes isolated in the BV+ group. All the isolated P. bivia strains presented sialidase activity. G. vaginalis and M. hominis were isolated in 76% and 42% of the BV+ and 1% and 0%
of the BV- women, respectively (p < 0.001). Mobiluncus morphotypeswere observed in 34% of the BV+and 0%
of BV- women. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of sialidase activity
were 81%, 94%, 90% and 86%, respectively.
Conclusions: Our data demonstrate a strong association between G. vaginalis, M. hominis, and P. bivia and BV.
Sialidase activity and Gram stain of vaginal fluid represent accurate methods for diagnosing BV.
The association between the three species belonging to the "Streptococcus milleri" group and different sites of isolation was examined for 73 successive strains recovered from clinically significant, purulent infections. Susceptibility testing was performed on 64 of these strains. The present study supports the association of particular species with different clinical sources. Susceptibility data suggest that emerging penicillin resistance among Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus intermedius isolates may represent a potential clinical problem in the therapeutic management of infections caused by these species.
We describe a Klebsiella oxytoca infection outbreak in a renal transplant unit that involved seven patients. All strains belonged to a single pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern and were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and aztreonam but susceptible to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, and imipenem. Chromosomal -lactamase hyperproduction was caused by a point mutation in the bla OXY-2 gene promoter region.
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