Virtual Humans creation aims to provide virtual characters with realistic behavior, which implies endowing them with autonomy in an inhabited virtual environment. Autonomous behavior consists in interacting with users or the environment and reacting to stimulus or events. Reactions are unconscious behaviors which are not often implemented in virtual humans. Frequently, virtual humans show repetitive and robotic movements which tend to decrease realism.To improve believability in virtual humans we need to provide individuality. Individualization is achieved by using human characteristics like personality, gender, emotions, etc. In this paper, we propose to use those individual descriptors to synthesize different kinds of reactions. We aim that individualized virtual humans react in a different way to the same stimuli. This approach is achieved by observing real people reacting. Thanks to those observations, we stereotyped reactive movements that can be described by individual characteristics. We use inverse kinematics techniques to synthesize the movements. This allows us to change reaction movements according to the characteristics of the stimuli and to the individuality of a character.
In order to be believable, embodied conversational agents (ECAs) must show expression of emotions in a consistent and natural looking way across modalities. The ECA has to be able to display coordinated signs of emotion during realistic emotional behaviour. Such a capability requires one to study and represent emotions and coordination of modalities during non-basic realistic human behaviour, to define languages for representing such behaviours to be displayed by the ECA, to have access to mono-modal representations such as gesture repositories. This chapter is concerned about coordinating the generation of signs in multiple modalities in such an affective agent. Designers of an affective agent need to know how it should coordinate its facial expression, speech, gestures and other modalities in view of showing emotion. This synchronisation of modalities is a main feature of emotions.
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