Introducción: Este artículo recopila las prácticas de promoción del consumo de frutas y verduras por parte de ocho miembros de AIAM5 -Alianza Global de Promoción al Consumo de Frutas y Hortalizas "5 al día", con el objetivo de identificar buenas prácticas en el planteamiento de estrategias, programas y actividades para la promoción del consumo de frutas y hortalizas. Material y Métodos: Se empleó un cuestionario diseñado para categorizar e identificar fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades, costo-efectividad, viabilidad, así como las prácticas de mayor potencial para adaptarse a políticas de promoción de salud nacionales. Se evaluaron cuestionarios procedentes de ocho países de la AIAM5: México, Chile, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Nicaragua y España. Resultados: Una de las grandes fortalezas de las entidades que conforman AIAM5 es el prestigio y conocimiento académico, profesional y técnico que respalda sus actividades. Se evidenció la debilidad de sus estrategias por la falta de medición del impacto de sus actividades y evaluación de costo-efectividad. También se evidenció que algunas entidades que lideran programas "5 al día" son concebidas como empresas sociales con diversidad de tipos de socios y aliados. Conclusiones: Se recomienda que los miembros de AIAM5 hagan un esfuerzo para medir el impacto de las actividades e intervenciones que realicen, estableciendo objetivos cuantificables mediante indicadores que permitan evaluar el grado de alcance de las acciones llevadas a cabo. Así mismo, es recomendable que exploten el nicho de oportunidades que ofrece la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, para alcanzar sus objetivos de promoción del consumo de frutas y verduras.
Objectives: Primary: to assess the necessity of a second endoscopy with a pathology study to confirm the healing of all gastric ulcers previously diagnosed through endoscopy in a population at intermediate risk for gastric cancer. Secondary: to assess correlation between endoscopic findings and pathology diagnosis. Patients and methods: a prospective analysis of patients diagnosed with gastric ulcer through endoscopy at Hospital General de Ciudad Real (Spain) over three years. We collected demographic, clinical, endoscopic, and pathological data for the first and subsequent endoscopies. We collected at least six biopsies obtained from ulcer margins, and assessed H. pylori infection. Results: Three hundred and two patients were included in this study. H. pylori infection was diagnosed in 173 (57%), and 113 (37%) patients had used NSAIDs. The positive and negative predictive value for malignancy of endoscopic diagnosis regarding ulcer fold, base, and margins were 34 and 97%, respectively. Only one patient was diagnosed with a tumor during the second endoscopy. At the end of follow-up, the etiology of the ulcer was considered as peptic in 276 patients; Crohn's disease-related in one, and neoplastic in 25 patients (21 adenocarcinomas, 4 lymphomas). Conclusions: in an intermediate-risk population for gastric cancer a second endoscopy is not justified for gastric ulcer patients when endoscopy and biopsy results do not suggest malignancy.
IntroductionIn the past decade, the public health discussion regarding fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption has been dominated by economic and physical accessibility.MethodsUsing an online survey in four Latin American countries, we applied a set of tobit models to compare the determinants of desirable and current consumption of FV levels for satisfied and unsatisfied respondents.ResultsWe found that, even when consuming less than five FV portions a day, most of the respondents were satisfied with their current FV consumption level. Satisfied respondents consumed significantly more FV than unsatisfied ones. In general, the desirable and current consumption of FV levels were associated with different sets of determinants, while years of education were relevant in both cases. Finally, in a hypothetical case where unsatisfied respondents would not face any physical or economic access restrictions, unsatisfied respondents would not reach the goal of five FV portions a day.DiscussionAssuming that physical and economic access improved, this would automatically increase FV to reach the five-a-day recommendation may be inaccurate in some cases. We also need to take mental access into account. We may ask how to improve the desirable level of FVs and then how to close the gap between the current and desirable FV levels.
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