On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were included in the genus Pseudomonas, within the Pseudomonas fluorescens-related species group, their closest relatives being the Pseudomonas jessenii and Pseudomonas koreensis subgroups. The highest sequence similarities were recorded with the type strains of Pseudomonas reinekei, P. moorei, P. umsongensis, P. jessenii and P. mohnii (99.4-99.3 % similarity). Sequence analysis of the housekeeping genes gyrB and rpoD clearly differentiated the isolates from currently described Pseudomonas species, the highest sequence similarities recorded to type strains being below 95 % for both genes. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated sequences of the three genes showed Pseudomonas moraviensis DSM 16007 T and P. koreensis DSM 16610 T as the closest reference strains. DNA-DNA hybridization assays with related strains confirmed that these isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas baetica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain a390 T (5CECT 7720 T 5LMG 25716 T ). The novel species could be easily distinguished from phylogenetically related species by several phenotypic characteristics, including gelatin hydrolysis, acid production from glucose and growth at 6 % NaCl. Virulence assays revealed that the novel species is pathogenic for wedge sole.

Six Gram-negative coccobacilli were isolated from Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from Mexico and haemolymph of spider crabs (Maja brachydactyla) from Spain. All of the isolates grew as small green colonies on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar and were facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-positive and sensitive to the vibriostatic agent O/129. Repetitive palindromic PCR analysis revealed a high degree of genomic homogeneity among the isolates. Several phenotypic traits differentiated the isolates from the type strains of species of the genus Photobacterium. DNA-DNA relatedness between two representative isolates and their closest phylogenetic neighbours by 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, Photobacterium aplysiae CAIM 14 T and Photobacterium frigidiphilum CAIM 20 T , was 44.01-53.85 %. We propose a novel species of the genus Photobacterium to accommodate the six isolates, with the name Photobacterium swingsii sp. nov. The type strain is CAIM 1393 T (5CECT 7576 T ).

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Six strains were isolated from the hemolymph of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla, captured in Spain, and one from a diseased blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. The 16S rRNA gene sequences showed close similarity to the recently described Photobacterium swingsii (98.1 %) and to a lesser degree to Photobacterium aquimaris (97.8 %). MLSA analyses showed a monophyletic group including P. swingsii that form a new subclade. All genomic analyses (Average Nucleotide Identity, Average Amino Acid Identity, and in silico DNA-DNA) clearly separate the strains analysed from P. swingsii with values below the thresholds to delimit a new species. The phenotypic, genotypic and genomic data presented here clearly place these strains as a coherent group within the genus Photobacterium, for which we propose the name Photobacterium sanguinicancri sp. nov. Strain CAIM 1827(T) (=CECT 7579(T), =DSM 24670(T)) is proposed as the type strain of the species.

Four strains isolated from cultured Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, in the north-western coast of Spain were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these bacteria were closely related to Aliivibrio wodanis, Aliivibrio salmonicida, Aliivibrio fischeri and Aliivibrio logei with sequence similarities between 98.1 and 96.0 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RNA polymerase alpha chain (rpoA), RecA protein (recA), the a-subunit of bacterial ATP synthase (atpA) and the uridine monophosphate (UMP) kinase (pyrH) genes and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism experiments clearly showed that these novel isolates form a tight genomic group different from any currently known Aliivibrio species. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic data, the four strains represent a novel taxon, for which the name Aliivibrio finisterrensis sp. nov. is proposed. Several phenotypic features were revealed that discriminate A. finisterrensis from other Aliivibrio species. The type strain is CMJ 11.1 T (5CECT 7228 T 5LMG 23869 T ).The controversy on the taxonomic position and phylogenetic relations of the Vibrio fischeri group, located between the genus Vibrio and Photobacterium (Sawabe et al., 2007), originated in the 1970s and has remained for decades (Reichelt & Baumann, 1973;Baumann & Baumann, 1977;Baumann et al. 1980;Thysen & Ollevier, 2005). A recent study by Urbanczyk et al. (2007) , is known for the light organ symbiosis with the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes and has been studied as a model for vibrio-host interactions. Bacterial bioluminescence acts as an anti-predatory mechanism and serves researchers as a way to monitor bacterial colonization (Stabb, 2006). A. salmonicida described by Egidius et al. (1986), is a psychrophilic species known as the causative agent of cold water vibriosis (Colquhoun & Sørum, 2001) or the Hitra disease affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Egidius et al., 1981). A. wodanis (Lunder et al., 2000) also affects Atlantic salmon and has been associated with the winter ulcer disease (Lunder et al., 1995). A. logei shares characteristics with the other members of the genus. The bacterium is bioluminescent, has the ability to associate with salmonids reared at low temperatures and causes the Hitra disease (Benediktsdottir et al., 1998), but also resides symbiotically in light organs of several species of Mediterranean sepiolid squids. At lower temperatures (15 u C) it is the dominant symbiont, whereas at higher temperatures (26 u C) it is out-competed by A. fischeri (Fidopiastis et al., 1998;Nishiguchi, 2000).Aliivibrio related species and their hosts have been considered as models of either a co-evolution symbiosis or a pathogenic disease. To understand the driving force of the genetic diversity and speciation of A. fischeri related Abbreviations: MALDI-TOF MS, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry; NJ, neighbour-joining; TEM, transmission e...

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