ResumenEl artículo analiza el desarrollo de la mediación penal en Chile, tanto desde un punto de vista de la teoría y el marco legal aplicable, como de su desarrollo práctico, e intenta a la vez articular una mirada histórica respecto de los movimientos socio-jurídicos que han surgido en Chile y que han cimentado la recepción y desarrollo de la mediación penal en el mismo. La autora identifica a la mediación penal como una práctica específica de justicia restaurativa, si bien muestra cómo en Chile, la asociación entre ambos conceptos no es pacífica. Finaliza con una reflexión que intenta explicar el escaso nivel de desarrollo que han alcanzado estos procesos restaurativos en Chile, particularmente a partir de un análisis de los rasgos de la cultura legal chilena y de la implementación de la reforma al proceso penal en el país durante la última década. Palabras claveJusticia restaurativa, mediación penal, Chile, justicia penal, justicia penal juvenil, reparación víctimas, AbstractThe article analyses the development of penal mediation in Chile, from a theoretical, legal and practical perspective. It also attempts to make a historical account of the socio-legal movements that have taken place in Chile and which have contribute to the reception and development of penal mediation therein. The author identifies penal mediation as a specific practice of restorative justice, although also showing that this association in Chile is not at all uncontested. It ends with a reflection about the reasons why restorative justice processes have had yet a marginal place in Chilean criminal justice system, exploring among those reasons, the features of Chilean legal culture and the implementation of the criminal procedure reform during the last decade.
This article explores the question of how to expand restorative justice as a national policy in a country underrepresented by the literature. We maintain that considering legal culture is essential. We identify restorative justice traditions that are characteristic of civil law and common law legal systems, respectively, and compare them with a case study belonging to the former system. We argue that restorative justice practices are shaped by the legal culture, political tradition and criminal justice identity of the system where they develop. We suggest an approach to transferring restorative justice practices based on comparative criminology, restorative justice traditions and legal culture, making a theoretical contribution to the field, as well as having practical implications at the level of public policy design.
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