OBJECTIVE To describe surgical management and associated outcomes for dogs with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. ANIMALS 110 client-owned dogs with primary spontaneous pneumothorax that underwent surgical management. PROCEDURES Medical records at 7 veterinary teaching hospitals were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, history, clinical signs, radiographic and CT findings, surgical methods, intraoperative and postoperative complications, outcomes, and histopathologic findings. Follow-up information was obtained by contacting the referring veterinarian or owner. RESULTS 110 dogs were included, with a median follow-up time of 508 days (range, 3 to 2,377 days). Ninety-nine (90%) dogs underwent median sternotomy, 9 (8%) underwent intercostal thoracotomy, and 2 (2%) underwent thoracoscopy as the sole intervention. Bullous lesions were most commonly found in the left cranial lung lobe (51/156 [33%] lesions) and right cranial lung lobe (37/156 [24%] lesions). Of the 100 dogs followed up for > 30 days, 13 (13%) had a recurrence of pneumothorax, with median time between surgery and recurrence of 9 days. Recurrence was significantly more likely to occur ≤ 30 days after surgery, compared with > 30 days after surgery. Recurrence > 30 days after surgery was rare (3 [3%]). No risk factors for recurrence were identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Lung lobectomy via median sternotomy resulted in resolution of pneumothorax in most dogs with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Recurrence of pneumothorax was most common in the immediate postoperative period, which may have reflected failure to identify lesions during the initial thoracic exploration, rather than development of additional bullae.
Objective: To determine the feasibility of laparoscopic liver lobectomy (LLL) in dogs by using canine cadavers and to describe the clinical application in dogs with liver disease. Study design: Ex vivo experiment and descriptive case series.Sample population: Twelve canine cadavers and six client-owned dogs. Methods: Cadavers underwent LLL with an endoscopic stapler. The percentage of liver lobe resected was determined by volume. The distance from the staple line to hilus was measured. Medical records of dogs undergoing LLL were reviewed.Results: In cadavers ≤15 kg, left lateral lobectomy completeness was 87.3% (84.6%-96.6%), and remaining median (interquartile range) hilar length was 1 cm (0.25-1.75). Left medial lobectomy completeness was 72.5% (66.7%-80%), and remaining hilar length was 1.6 cm (0.47-1.75). Central division resection completeness was 68.3% (60%-92.9%), and remaining hilar length was 2.7 cm (0.8-5). Laparoscopic liver lobectomy was not feasible for right division lobes and in cadavers >15 kg. Five dogs with peripheral quadrate or left lateral lobe masses underwent stapled, partial laparoscopic lobectomy (30%-90%). One dog underwent stapled, left lateral lobectomy (90%) after open procedure conversion. Histopathological diagnoses included hepatocellular carcinoma (3), nodular hyperplasia (1), biliary cyst adenoma (1), and fibrosis (1). Conclusion:Laparoscopic liver lobectomy of the left and central divisions is feasible in cadavers ≤15 kg with an endoscopic stapler. Partial LLL of the left and central divisions is feasible in select dogs with liver disease. Clinical significance: Laparoscopic liver lobectomy may be a viable alternative to laparotomy in small-to-medium size dogs with peripheral liver massesof the left and central divisions.
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