Introduction
The aim of the study was to explore the association between the intake of specific food substances and the sleeping patterns of medical students.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 440 medical students, aged 18-24 years, chosen through non-probability consecutive sampling from Karachi, Pakistan. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to measure sleep quality and a self-made questionnaire that categorized foods according to their nutritional constitutions was used to measure the frequency of food consumption. Associations were evaluated using the chi-square test with the level of significance taken as p < 0.05 and strength of significance determined using Cramer’s V. logistic regression to predict good sleep quality.
Results
Significant associations were found with soybeans, whole grains, processed meats, leafy greens, dark chocolate, spices, dairy products, products high in fat and sugar, lima beans, and carbohydrates in relation to sleep quality, with soybeans exhibiting a particularly stronger relationship. The odds of good sleep quality were 2.5 times more likely with soybean intake, 3.26 times more likely with carbohydrates, and 6.57 times more likely with lima beans. Intake of papayas was associated with reduced sleep quality.
Conclusion
Intake of certain food substances has a significant association with sleep quality. Clinical trials focusing on the nutritional basis of these associations can lead to a new integrated focus on functional foods to combat poor sleep and sleep-related diseases.
Environmentalism has become not only a significant policy issue but also a crucial topic in marketing research. Environmental consciousness is now considered as a fundamental requirement to prevent further damage to the environment. Efforts have been made to improve the consumers understanding about the environmental consequences of their consumption patterns. This study develops a conceptual model of green purchase behaviour to determine the effects of environmentalism, advertisement message credibility and green perceived value on the consumers’ green purchase intentions with green product knowledge as a moderator. The convenience sampling technique with cross-sectional research design was used to select the sample. Data were collected using survey, and a total of 368 valid questionnaires were used for further analysis. The results from the structural analysis using Smart-PLS depict that environmentalism significantly influences the ad message credibility and green perceived value, and these constructs significantly affect the green purchase intentions. Furthermore, the green product knowledge moderates the relationship between environmentalism, ad message credibility and green perceived value. Overall, the findings of this study extend the theoretical basis of green purchase intentions by empirically testing the proposed model and provides the limitations and further research directions.
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