A hybrid system was analyzed and optimized to produce electric energy in non-interconnected zones in the Colombian Caribbean region, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the improvement in efficient energy management. A comparative analysis of the performance of hybrid was conducted using a proposed model, built with historical data for meteorological conditions, wind speed, and solar radiation. The model is integrated by a Southwest Wind Power Inc. wind turbine AIR 403, a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM), an electrolyzer, a solar panel, and a regulator based on proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controllers to manipulate oxygen and hydrogen flow entering in the fuel cell. The transient responses of the cell voltage, current, and power were obtained for the demand of 200 W under changes in solar radiation and wind speed for each day of the year 2013 in different meteorological stations, such as Ernesto Cortissoz airport, Puerto Bolívar, Alfonso Lopez airport, and Simon Bolívar airport. Through the adjustment of the hydrogen and oxygen flow into the fuel cell, the maximum contribution of power generation from the fuel cell was presented for the Simon Bolívar airport in November with a value of 158.35 W (9.45%). Multiobjective design optimization under a Pareto diagram front is presented for each place studied to minimize the levelized cost of energy and CO2 emission, where the objective control variables are the number of panel and stack in the photovoltaic (PV) system and PEM.
In this work the advantage of the use and implementation of ORC heat recovery systems for low temperature (<230°C) exhaust gases from a natural gas engine was studied. Different organic fluids and working conditions were analyzed in order to determine the best decision in terms of energy efficiency and exergética refers to criteria such as cost, environmental impact, flammability toxicity among others. It was found that the performance for the different configurations is closely linked to the evaporation pressure, reaching an electrical power of 120kWe (10%) for the simple configuration. The working fluid with the highest performance was acetone regardless of the configuration analyzed. Simultaneously, an international and national context was created in different fields for heat recovery systems.
El presente estudio se realizó con el fin de evaluar la producción mundial científica relacionado a la producción del combustible biodiésel tomando bases e información de los años abarcados entre 2009 – 2016. Los resultados de las publicaciones, revistas, categorías de los temas, instituciones fueron analizados para hallar la producción investigativa mundial del biodiésel. Además, se aplicó el “análisis de conglomerados de palabras” (Word cluster analysis) para mostrar una visión sobre las tendencias acerca de la fabricación y producción del biodiésel. Los resultados indican que las publicaciones anuales sobre la producción biodiésel se fue incrementando a partir del año 2009 y con un avance significativo de casi el doble entre los años 2010 y 2011. China y Malasia con 3 instituciones a nivel mundial están en el top 10 de instituciones contribuyente con relación a la producción de biodiésel en los últimos años. Cada día se estudia con mayor frecuencia la producción de biodiésel, en todo tipo de seres vivo incluso hasta en el procesamiento de alimentos [1] , especialmente en las micro algas, debido a que poseen la capacidad de mitigar emisiones de y producir lípidos, por lo que se consideran con potencial para la obtención de biocombustibles de tercera generación [2], aunque diversos autores coinciden en que el comportamiento de las micro algas difieren según entorno y condiciones.
The hybrid system is analyzed and optimized to produce electric energy in Non-Interconnected Zones in the Colombian Caribbean region, contributing both to the improvement in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and to the rational use of energy. A comparative analysis of the performance of these systems was carried using a dynamic model in real wind and solar data. The model is integrated by a Southwest Wind Power Inc. wind turbine. AIR 403, a proton exchange fuel cell (PEM), an electrolyze, a solar panel and a charge regulator based on PID controllers to manipulate oxygen and hydrogen flows in the cell. The transient responses of the cell voltage, current, and power were obtained for the demand of 200 W for changes in solar radiation and wind speed for all days of the year 2013 in the Ernesto Cortissoz airport, Puerto Bolívar, Alfonso Lopez airport and Simon Bolívar airport, by regulating the flow of hydrogen and oxygen into the fuel cell. The maximum contribution of power generation from the fuel cell was presented for the Simon Bolívar airport in November with a value of 158,358W (9.45%). A multi-objective design optimization under a Pareto front is presented for each place studied to minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy and CO2 emission, where the objective variables are the number of panel and stack in the PV system and PEM.
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