Aims Pacing remote from the latest electrically activated site (LEAS) in the left ventricle (LV) may diminish response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We tested whether proximity of LV pacing site (LVPS) to LEAS, determined by non-invasive three-dimensional electrical activation mapping [electrocardiographic Imaging (ECGI)], increased likelihood of CRT response. Methods and results Consecutive CRT patients underwent ECGI and chest/heart computed tomography 6–24 months of post-implant. Latest electrically activated site and the distance to LVPS (dp) were assessed. Left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) reduction of ≥15% at clinical follow-up defined response. Logistic regression probabilistically modelled non-response; variables included demographics, heart failure classification, left bundle branch block (LBBB), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), atrial fibrillation, QRS duration, baseline ejection fraction (EF) and LVESV, comorbidities, use of CRT optimization algorithm, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACE)/angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB), beta-blocker, diuretics, and dp. Of 111 studied patients [64 ± 11 years, EF 28 ± 6%, implant duration 12 ± 5 months (mean ± SD), 98% had LBBB, 38% IHD], 67% responded at 10 ± 3 months post CRT-implant. Latest electrically activated sites were outside the mid-to-basal lateral segments in 35% of the patients. dp was 42 ± 23 mm [31 ± 14 mm for responders vs. 63 ± 24 mm non-responders (P < 0.001)]. Longer dp and the lack of use of CRT optimization algorithm were the only independent predictors of non-response [area under the curve (AUC) 0.906]. dp of 47 mm delineated responders and non-responders (AUC 0.931). Conclusion The distance between LV pacing site and latest electrical activation is a strong independent predictor for CRT response. Non-invasive electrical evaluation to characterize intrinsic activation and guide LV lead deployment may improve CRT efficacy.
a b s t r a c t LEOPARD syndrome is a phenotypic expression of mutations in several genes: PTPN11, RAF1, and BRAF. All these genes are responsible for Ras/MARK signaling pathway, which are important for cell cycle regulation, differentiation, growth, and aging. Mutations result in anomalies of skin, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems. The LEOPARD syndrome means lentigines, electrocardiographic conducting abnormalities, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonary stenosis, abnormal genitalia, retarded growth, and deafness. Mutations affect tyrosine proteases, which are included in the signal pathway between the cell membrane and the nucleus. This rare autosomal dominant disorder is characterized by high variability of clinical manifestations. Usually only lentigines are common. Clinical diagnosis is based on lentigines and 2 other symptoms; in cases without lentigines -3 symptoms and at least one affected first-line relative. Herein, we report the case of 17-year-old male who had idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular obstruction, and supraventricular and ventricular extasystoles, class IVa, left bundle branch block, as a life-threatening manifestation of LEOPARD syndrome. For the treatment of cardiac manifestations of this syndrome, the patient underwent two interventions: (1) mitral valve replacement by mechanical valve Optiform number 27 with surgical resection of left ventricular outflow tract and subaortic membrane excision; (2) implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy.
BackgroundPatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) routinely undergo different imaging modalities for the evaluation of the left atrial (LA) appendage to rule out thrombus prior to the AF ablation procedure. Recently, uninterrupted novel oral anticoagulants were introduced for patients undergoing atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation to minimize the peri-procedural thromboembolism risk. We performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate the safety of uninterrupted rivaroxaban and whether transesophageal (TEE) or intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is necessary for patients undergoing AF ablation.MethodsData from 332 consecutive patients (42% females, aged 64 ± 11 years) with AF undergoing either TEE (n = 115) prior to catheter ablation or ICE (n = 217) for the detection of LA thrombus were analyzed. All patients were on uninterrupted rivaroxaban during, and for at least, 4 weeks before the procedure. Heparin bolus was administered in all patients before transseptal puncture to maintain a target activated clotting time of >350 s.ResultsA total of 277 patients (80.4%) had paroxysmal AF. The average CHA2DS2VASc score was 2.11 ± 0.91 in the TEE group and 2.46 ± 0.61 in the ICE group. The CHA2DS2VASc score was ≥2 in 64 (55.7%) and 214 (98.6%) patients in the TEE and ICE groups, respectively. The left atrial appendage was adequately visualized in all cases. None of the patients have an identifiable LA thrombus either in the TEE group or the ICE group. One (0.3%) thromboembolic periprocedural stroke occurred in a patient with long-standing persistent AF in the TEE group.ConclusionsThis study illustrates that performing AF ablation with ICE guidance on uninterrupted rivaroxaban for at least 4 weeks even without TEE is feasible and safe.
58Российский кардиологический журнал № 5 (121) | 2015 58 АНАТОМИЧЕСКИЕ И МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИЗНАКИ ДИФФУЗНО-ГЕНЕРАЛИЗОВАННОЙ ФОРМЫ ГИПЕРТРОФИЧЕСКОЙ КАРДИОМИОПАТИИдземешкевич С. Л., Фролова Ю. в., Ким С. Ю., Федоров д. Н., Заклязьминская Е. в., Федулова С. в., Шапиева А. Н., маликова м. С., Луговой А. Н.Цель. На основании инструментальных, гистологических и генетических исследований показать роль и значение внутрисердечных аномалий и морфо-логических особенностей особой формы гипертрофической кардиомиопатии (ГКмП), которую авторы обозначают как диффузно-генерализованную. Материал и методы. Проведено клиническое, инструментальное, гистологи-ческое и молекулярно-генетическое обследование 16 пациентов с диффузно-генерализованной формой ГКмП, которым выполнены комплексные хирурги-ческие вмешательства: чрезаортальным доступом расширенная миоэктомия межжелудочковой перегородки и левопредсердным доступом париетальная резекция папиллярных мышц и универсальное хордосохраняющее протезиро-вание митрального клапана. Результаты. Госпитальной летальности не было. Отдаленные результаты, прослеженные до пяти лет, свидетельствуют о перемещении всех пациентов из III-IV в I-II ФК по NYHA. морфологическое исследование показало, что в основе увеличения массы миокарда при ГКмП лежит не гипертрофия, а гиперплазия кардиомиоцитов. У всех 16 пациентов обнаружены убедитель-ные гистологические знаки миксоматозной трасформации створок. Заключение. диффузно-генерализованная форма ГКмП обусловлена рас-пространенным гиперпластическим процессом в миокарде. Предложенная радикальная ремоделирующая операция устраняет внутрижелудочковые перепады давления и увеличивает диастолической объем левого желудочка, предупреждая развитие диастолической дисфункции. ANATOMIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL SIGNS OF A DIFFUSE-GENERALIZED HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHYDzemeshkevich S. L., Frolova Yu. V., Kim S. Yu., Fedorov D. N., Zaklyazminskaya E. V., Fedulova S. V., Shapiyeva A. N., Malikova M. S., Lugovoy A. N.Aim. based on the instrumental, histological and genetic studies to show the role and significance of intracardial anomalies and morphological specifics of the special form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), that the authors name as diffuse-generalized. Material and methods. A clinical, instrumental, histological and molecular-genetic study was conducted with 16 enrolled patients with diffuse-generalized form of HCM, who underwent complex surgical interventions: by transaortal approach the extended myoectomy of interventricular sept, and by intraatrial approach -parietal resection of papillary muscles, and universal chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement.Results. There was no in-hospital mortality. The long-term results for up to 5 years show that all patients moved from the IV-III NYHA to I-II NYHA functional classes. Morphological study showed that in the base of myocardial mass increase in HCM there is neither hypertrophy, but hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes. All 16 patients showed significant signs of myxomatous mitral valve degeneration. Conclusion.Diffuse-gener...
Aim. Determination of the possibility of reliable quantitative assessment of the coronary calcium index based on ultra-low-dose computed tomography (ultra-LDCT) which used in Moscow Lung Cancer Screening project.Material and methods. The study included the results of 254 ultra-LDCT studies conducted as part of the Moscow lung cancer screening project. For compare the parameters of coronary calcium on different images used 16 pairs of ultra-LDCT images with a slice thickness of 1 mm and CT images with a slice thickness of 3 mm, performed without ECG synchronization, performed with an interval of less than 10 days, as well as 18 pairs of ultra-LDCT with a slice thickness of 1 mm and CT with ECG synchronization with a slice thickness of 3 mm, performed on the same day after execution. Analysis of DICOM 3.0 standard images was performed. Quantitative indicators of coronary calcium in patients from lung cancer screening were analyzed, a comparative analysis of the calcium index for Agatstone, Volume, Mass, and using the CAC-DRS scale (assessment of the degree of calcification by scores from 0 to 3 and the number of affected arteries from 0 to 4 points) was performed.Results. Evaluation ultra-LDCT with a slice thickness in 1 mm and with a CT scan with slice thickness in 3 mm with and without ECG-synchronization for the presence of coronary calcium, and subsequent rating according to the index Agatston, Volume, Mass, as the total coronary calcium and for each coronary artery (right, left, left descending, left circumflex) received the complete data correlation (Pearson's - 1), with full correlation (Spearman's >0.9), with good rank correlations (>0,9). Compare qualitative (CAC-DRS V) and quantitative (CAC-DRS A) estimates on ultra-LDCT with CT with ECG synchronization in the same patients show a complete correlation of data was obtained (Pearson's formula - 1), with a complete correlation (Spearman's formula - 1).Conclusion. Coronary calcium which detected in lung cancer screening subjects should be included in the overall decision-making process for further routing of patients (cardiologist, interventional surgeon, pulmonologist, therapist). Ultra-LDCT is a method that has high diagnostic accuracy in detecting and evaluating the prevalence of coronary calcium in comparison with standard CT with and without ECG synchronization, as demonstrated in our study. Evaluation of coronary calcium according to ultra-LDCT without ECG synchronization used in screening, preferably with a 1 mm slice thickness. Despite the fact that the gold standard is CT with ECG synchronization with a 3 mm slice thickness, the diagnostic significance of ultra-LDCT which used in lung cancer screening is high in relation to detecting coronary artery calcification.
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