Can people remember their past happiness? We analyzed data from four longitudinal surveys from the United States, France, the United Kingdom, and Germany spanning from the 1970s until the present, in which more than 60,000 adults were asked questions about their current and past life satisfaction. We uncovered systematic biases in recalled happiness: On average, people tended to overstate the improvement in their well-being over time and to understate their past happiness. But this aggregate figure hides a deep asymmetry: Whereas happy people recall the evolution of their life to be better than it was, unhappy ones tend to exaggerate their life’s negative evolution. It thus seems that feeling happy today implies feeling better than yesterday. This recall structure has implications for motivated memory and learning and could explain why happy people are more optimistic, perceive risks to be lower, and are more open to new experiences.
Inflation makes people miserable, but rising inflation is not distributed equally across society. While some people will encounter sharp increases in the prices they pay, others will be less affected due to their personal circumstances. Alberto Prati assesses the wellbeing cost of inflation inequalities in France, showing why measuring them is important for a policy agenda that places citizens' wellbeing at its centre.Inflation inequalities refer to the fact that different people experience different inflation rates, over the same period and in the same country. This dispersion is an acknowledged economic fact, and can be observed in everyday life.
Category:
Hindfoot, Sports, Children
Introduction/Purpose:
Sever disease is a common cause of pain in growing kids, but there is no consensus among researchers regarding its etiology. Recently several papers studied the role of sport on the physical and the psychological development of the child, including the possibility that these activities can cause overuse injuries in childhood. The purpose of the present study is to identify any association between heel pain due to calcaneal apophysitis and level of sport activity, type of sport, type of terrain, body mass index (BMI) and foot posture.
Methods:
We studied 430 athletic children in a population-based sample of soccer (29.53%), basketball (48.37%) and volleyball (22.79%) players, aged between 6 and 14 years. Physical examination, Foot Posture Index (FPI), Oxford ankle and foot questionnaire Italian version for children and parents and a custom made questionnaire on sport were collected from each athlete. Diagnosis of Sever disease was made with a positive heel squeeze test.
Results:
Our data showed that body mass index, sex, type of terrain, type of sport, FPI should not be considered risk factors for calcaneal apophysitis, while exists a statistical significant higher risk for younger age (p < 0.01), lower number of training session/week (p = 0.02) and shorter session (p < 0.01).
Conclusion:
The prevalence of Severe disease in athletic children in the study sample was higher in younger and low active patients. BMI was not associated with an increased risk neither sport specialization. Investigating association between the type of terrain and Sever disease it does not appear to have a significant role. Analysis of the FPI produced no significant risk factors. The strengths of this study consists in a large population size, all participants underwent clinical assessment, and the use of a detailed, previously validated test, scales and questionnaire.
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