The objective of the present study was to study the cytoarchitectural structure of the cervical and thoracic segments of thymus in alpaca (Lama pacos) fetuses. For this purpose, 10 fetuses between 40-190 days of gestation were collected form the local slaughterhouse. At day 40, the developing thymus has acinar cytoarchitectural morphology, infiltrated by a few lymphoid cells surrounded by mesenchymal cells. At day 60, the cervical segment looks like a «follicular» lymphoid, densely populated by thymocytes, whereas the thoracic region has a cystic appearance with short trabecular projections. Cortex and medulla differentiation starts in the posterior cervical and thoracic segments by day 100 and in the anterior cervical segments by day 130, and is well established by day 165. The thymic capsule remained as a double cellular layer of lax connective tissue. Subcapsular and trabecular blood vessels have fenestrated endothelium. Erythroblastic cells were observed by day 100 in the cortex and subcapsule zones. Medullar Hassall's corpuscles were observed by day 100, and the epithelial reticular cell barrier in the cortical medullar zone was observed by day 130. Key words: alpaca, fetus, thymus, Hassal corpuscle RESUMENEl objetivo del presente trabajo fue el estudio citoarquitectural de los segmentos cervicales y torácicos del timo en fetos de alpaca (Lama pacos). Se recolectaron 10 fetos entre 40 y 190 días de desarrollo para ser sometidos a estudio histológico. A los 40 días, el esbozo del timo tiene una morfología citoarquitectural de tipo acinar infiltrado por escasas células linfocíticas y rodeado por células mesenquimales. A los 60 días, el segmento cervical se presenta como un "folículo" linfoide densamente poblado por timocitos, mientras que la región torácica tiene una apariencia cavitaria con proyecciones trabeculares cortas. La diferenciación de corteza y médula se inicia en los segmentos cervicales posteriores y torácicos a los 100 días y en los segmentos cervicales anteriores a los 130 días. Todos los segmentos presentan disposición lobulillar bien definidos en corteza y médula a los 165 días. La cápsula tímica se mantiene principalmente como una doble capa celular con tejido conjuntivo laxo. Los vasos sanguíneos subcapsulares y trabeculares presentan endotelio fenestrado. Las células eritroblásticas se ubican en las zonas subcapsulares
The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of respiratory viruses in the alpaca population of Canchis province, Cusco. Viral neutralization tests, utilizing secondary cellular cultures of bovine origin and cytopathic virus, were used to detect neutralizing antibodies against PI-3, BHV1, and BRSV in a total of 345 serum samples from 31 small farms. All the farms had seroreactive animals for BRSV and PI-3, but only one animal was seroreactive to BHV1. The seroprevalence against BRSV and PI-3 was 80.2 ± 7.0% (101/126) and 67.5 ± 4.9% (233/345) respectively. The results suggest that these animals have been exposed to respiratory viruses were undergoing active viral replication at the time of sampling.
RESUMENEl objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) y de animales persistentemente infectados (PI) en bovinos productores de leche en la Irrigación de Majes, Arequipa. En la primera fase del estudio, se colectaron 204 muestras de leche de tanque (una por hato) en la planta local de procesamiento de leche, para la detección de anticuerpos contra el VDVB mediante la prueba de ELISA indirecta. En la segunda fase se seleccionaron de modo arbitrario a 57 hatos con anticuerpos contra el VDVB con densidades ópticas (DO) iguales o mayores a 0.900. Se colectaron 286 muestras de suero sanguíneo de estos hatos para conocer el estado serológico de cada animal y la búsqueda de animales PI mediante ELISA indirecta y ELISA de captura, respectivamente. En la tercera fase se obtuvieron muestras de suero de la totalidad de terneras y vaquillas (n = 20) de tres hatos que tuvieron animales PI a fin de buscar más animales PI. El 98.0 ± 1.9% (200/204) de las muestras de leche resultaron positivas a anticuerpos contra el VDVB con DO que fluctuaron entre 0.300 a 2.350. De las 286 muestras de suero pertenecientes a los 57 hatos, el 47.2% (135/286) tuvieron anticuerpos contra el VDVB; además, dentro del grupo de animales seronegativos se detectaron cuatro (2.7%) animales PI que pertenecieron a tres de los 57 hatos muestreados. En los animales de riesgo de los tres hatos (n = 20), se detectaron otros dos animales PI, sumando un total de seis (4.0%); además, estos seis animales PI no presentaron anticuerpos contra el VDVB. En conclusión, los resultados muestran una amplia distribución del VDVB en la población bovina de los hatos de la Irrigación Majes; así mismo, las muestras que presentan altas DO evidencian la presencia de animales PI y, por último, la muestra de leche de tanque reemplaza al suero en la detección de anticuerpos contra el VDVB.Palabras clave : bovinos, diarrea viral bovina, virus, anticuerpos, animales persistentemente infectados, suero, leche, tanque de leche, hato lechero
This study was designed to assess the susceptibility of turtle-doves (Eupelia cruziana) to Newcastle virus. A group of 15 turtle-doves was inoculated with a velogenic viscerotropic strain of the Newcastle virus, and a group of 15 was used as control. Both groups were raised in the same environmental conditions and were fed with similar feeds, but kept separate. Clinical signs and mortality were recorded. Blood samples were tested by the hemaglutination inhibition technique and tissue samples were collected for virus recovery and histological studies. From the inoculated group, 6 birds showed nervous signs like head tremors, neck torsion and uncoordinated movements, and three of them died. Macroscopic lesions were observed on the nervous system. Histological lesions were observed in the brain, and in lungs and tracheal epithelium. An increase in the antibody titers was observed at the 7 th day of exposure to Newcastle virus, reaching the highest titers (PGT= 12.1) at the 21 th day. Viral recovery was obtained in lung and trachea tissues, and from a cloacal swab from dead birds.
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