Objective The primary aim of this trial was to assess the feasibility of MIE in a multi-institutional setting. Background Esophagectomy is an important, potentially curative treatment for localized esophageal cancer, but is a complex operation. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) may decrease the morbidity and mortality of resection, and single-institution studies have demonstrated successful outcomes with MIE. Methods We conducted a multi-center, phase II, prospective cooperative group study (coordinated by ECOG) to evaluate the feasibility of MIE. Patients with biopsy-proven high-grade-dysplasia or esophageal cancer were enrolled at 17 credentialed sites. Protocol surgery consisted of either 3-stage MIE or Ivor Lewis MIE. The primary end point was 30-day mortality. Secondary end points included adverse events, duration of hospital-stay, and 3-year outcomes. Results Protocol surgery was completed in 95 of the 104 patients eligible for the primary analysis (91.3%). The 30-day mortality in eligible patients who underwent MIE was 2.1%; perioperative mortality in all registered patients eligible for primary analysis was 2.9%. Median intensive care unit and hospital stay were 2 and 9 days, respectively. Grade 3 or higher adverse events included anastomotic leak (8.6%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (5.7%), pneumonitis (3.8%), and atrial fibrillation (2.9%). At a median follow-up of 35.8 months, the estimated 3-year overall survival was 58.4% (95% confidence interval: 47.7%–67.6%). Locoregional recurrence occurred in only 7 patients (6.7%). Conclusions This prospective multicenter study demonstrated that MIE is feasible and safe with low peri-operative morbidity and mortality and good oncological results. This approach can be adopted by other centers with appropriate expertise in open esophagectomy and minimally invasive surgery.
The arthroscopic resection of synovial cysts of the wrist is a simple technique which is comfortable for the patient. We report on a series of 96 patients with dorsal synovial cysts (75 women, 21 men). All patients had undergone preliminary treatment which had been unsuccessful. We operated on 32 patients with a volar cyst (27 women, five men). All the patients were operated on as outpatients under local regional anaesthesia. For the dorsal cysts, after having precisely located the cyst, it is then resected after having inserted a shaver directly through the wall of the cyst starting with the capsule. For the volar cysts the arthroscope was inserted through a 3-4 portal and the shaver was inserted through a 1-2 radiocarpal portal. In all cases, there was no immobilisation and a range of motion was started the same day. For the dorsal cysts, our average follow-up was 34 months (range 12–46 months). There were no complications. We had four recurrences. For the palmar cysts, our average follow-up was 26 months (range 12–39 months). There have been no recurrences to date.
Pleural complications occurred in 30 (22%) of 138 patients after 53 single and 91 double lung transplants between September 1986 and February 1993. These were defined for the purpose of this study as pneumothorax persisting beyond the first 14 postoperative days, recurrent pneumothorax, or any other pleural process that necessitated diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. Overall, a higher pleural complication rate was seen in double lung transplantation (25 of 30) than in single lung transplantation (5 of 30) with no differences noted in the frequency among preoperative diagnostic groups (p > 0.05). Pneumothorax was the most frequent complication, affecting 14 of 30 patients, with 6 of 14 cases occurring after transbronchial biopsy. All pneumothoraces in single (n = 4) and double lung transplantation (n = 10) resolved spontaneously or with chest tube thoracostomy. One patient required placement of a Clagett window after open lung biopsy and another required thoracotomy and pleural abrasion after transbronchial biopsy. Parapneumonic effusion was observed in 4 of 30 double lung transplantations with spontaneous resolution in all cases. Empyema affected 7 of 30 patients and occurred exclusively in the double lung transplant group. Sepsis developed in three of the patients with this complication and they subsequently died. The risk of empyema was independent of preoperative diagnosis (p > 0.05). Of interest, all patients with cystic fibrosis (n = 3) with complicating empyema had Pseudomonas cepacia in the pleural fluid. Other miscellaneous complications included subpleural hematoma, chylothorax, and hemothorax. The latter two necessitated thoracic duct and bronchial artery ligation, respectively. In summary, a significant proportion of lung transplant recipients will have pleural space complications. The vast majority of these will resolve spontaneously or with conservative procedures. These complications were not related to preoperative diagnosis nor associated with a significant prolongation of hospital stay (p > 0.05). Empyema is the only pleural space complication associated with increased patient mortality and, as such, is an important clinical marker for those at risk for sepsis and death.
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