Introduction The intestinal microbiota comprises bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, helminths and viruses that symbiotically inhabit the digestive system. To date, research has provided limited data on the possible association between an active lifestyle and a healthy composition of human microbiota. This review was aimed to summarize the results of human studies comparing the microbiome of healthy individuals with different physical activity amounts. Methods We searched Medline/Ovid, NIH/PubMed, and Academic Search Complete between August–October 2020. Inclusion criteria comprised: (a) cross-sectional studies focused on comparing gut microbiome among subjects with different physical activity levels; (b) studies describing human gut microbiome responses to any type of exercise stimulus; (c) studies containing healthy adult women and men. We excluded studies containing diet modifications, probiotic or prebiotic consumption, as well as studies focused on diabetes, hypertension, cancer, hormonal dysfunction. Methodological quality and risk of bias for each study were assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies—of Interventions tool. The results from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are shown independently. Results A total of 17 articles were eligible for inclusion: ten cross-sectional and seven longitudinal studies. Main outcomes vary significantly according to physical activity amounts in longitudinal studies. We identified discrete changes in diversity indexes and relative abundance of certain bacteria in active people. Conclusion As literature in this field is rapidly growing, it is important that studies incorporate diverse methods to evaluate other aspects related to active lifestyles such as sleep and dietary patterns. Exploration of other groups such as viruses, archaea and parasites may lead to a better understanding of gut microbiota adaptation to physical activity and sports and its potentially beneficial effects on host metabolism and endurance.

Background:There is scarcity of data about the prevalence of non-AIDS defining comorbidities among stable HIV-infected patients in Peru.Objective:We aimed to describe the most frequent cardiometabolic comorbidities found among ambulatory adults on ARV in Peru.Methods:A review of records for patients attending regular visits at 5 clinics in Lima-Callao in January-February 2016 is presented. Patients were adults on ARV for >6 months, with no recent AIDS-defining condition.Results:Three hundred and five medical charts were reviewed. Most patients were male (73.1%, n=223) with a mean age of 46.0 years. Mean time from HIV diagnosis was 9.41 yrs. and mean duration of ARV was 7.78 yrs. Most patients were on an NNRTI-based first line regimen (76.4%, n=233), and 12.1% (n=37) were on rescue regimens. Median CD4 count was 614.2 cells/µL and the proportion of patients with viral load <40 c/mL was 90.8% (n=277). Most frequent metabolic diagnoses were dyslipidemia (51.5%, n=157), obesity (11.1%, n=34), and diabetes mellitus (7.2%, n=22). Hypertension was diagnosed in 8.9% (n=27). Other diagnoses of cardiovascular disease were documented in 3.3% (n=10). Pharmacologic treatment was prescribed in 91.3% of patients with diabetes or hypertension, but in only 29.3% of patients with dyslipidemia.Conclusion:A high proportion of metabolic comorbidities was found, with dyslipidemia being the most frequent, followed by obesity and diabetes. In contrast, cardiovascular disease was documented less frequently. Medical treatment was started for only a third of dyslipidemia patients. HIV care policies need to consider proper management of chronic comorbidities to optimize long-term outcomes.

Associations between time spent traveling in motor vehicles and physical activity in Colombian adults from urban areas Asociaciones entre el tiempo de viaje en vehículos motorizados y la actividad física en adultos colombianos de zonas urbanas

El artículo contrasta los resultados del proyecto de "Apoyo al funcionamiento y consolidación del consorcio colombiano de investigación sobre conflicto, violencia y convivencia" con las principales ideas de un libro de reconocidos investigadores extranjeros en el que se hace énfasis en las conexiones entre violencia y subjetividad. Dirige la atención hacia categorías, métodos y preguntas que si bien surgen de las experiencias violentas de otros países, tienen para Colombia una particular importancia en términos de un replanteamiento general del significado y sentido de la violencia. Propone relaciones entre esta y temas tan disímiles como el papel de los medios de comunicación en la posibilidad de un control cultural, las diferentes memorias y narrativas que condicionan el presente y explican el pasado, y la construcción de identidades a partir de sentimientos como el odio y la venganza. Recoge los planteamientos de algunos autores que se preguntan por el impacto estético producido por las imágenes de violencia expuestas en noticieros y periódicos, y problematiza el papel que juega el investigador de la violencia en la construcción de conocimiento y en la producción de imágenes de la sociedad.

Because of its petrochemical processes Barrancabermeja refinery produces a considerable amount of flue gas daily. TheLlanito oil field has an original oil volume of 314 million barrels (MBls) and it has produced 37.9 MBls up to December 2009, which corresponds to a recovery factor of only 12%, being really low for 50 years of exploitation.The application of an enhanced oil recovery process represents an alternative for improving the final recovery factor. The availability of sources (Water, gas, chemicals, steam, etc) and the reservoir characterization dictate the feasibility of the project according to a study carried out. An environmentally undesirable by-product resulting from refining processes such as flue gas (Nitrogen + CO 2 ) becomes important when used as raw material in the secondary or tertiary recovery of oil which affects the increase in production and the final recovery of hydrocarbons.This study evaluated experimentally the effect of the injection of the Barrancabermeja refinery´s flue gas as an enhanced oil recovery method applied to B Sandstone of the Llanito oil field. The volume of the refinery´s flue gas was characterizated and calculated; a study of fluid-fluid interaction was carried out between the flue gas and petroleum at reservoir conditions. The interaction between reservoir fluid and the porous media was evaluated and the best flue gas injection mechanism was determined in order to increase the recovery factor for the B sands of Llanito oil field. In addition to increase the final recovery factor, the study aims to reducing flue gas emissions and consequent environmental benefit.