Infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), baik tipe 1 yang tersebar ke seluruh dunia maupun tipe 2 yang terisolasi di Afrika, masih menjadi tantangan di bidang kesehatan dunia termasuk Indonesia. Angka HIV yang tinggi ini penting untuk ditangani karena bahaya komplikasi yang mengintai. Penatalaksanaan dan terapi HIV yang ada saat ini dengan penggunaan antiretroviral memiliki keterbatasan dilihat dari efek terapi dan efek samping yang ditimbulkan. Pengembangan dan penemuan modalitas terapi yang memiliki potensi efek terapi yang lebih optimal merupakan suatu tantangan yang terus diupayakan dalam penanganan HIV ini. Salah satunya adalah pengembangan imunoterapi berbasis sel dendritik. Literature review ini ditulis secara sistematis mengenai laporan studi terkait hal di atas dari berbagai sumber termasuk Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate untuk menguraikan potensi sel dendritik sebagai imunomodulator pada penderita HIV-1. Modalitas imunoterapi ini dikonstruksi dalam bentuk vaksin berbasis sel dendritik, sel yang berperan pada patogenesis HIV, yang diadministrasikan secara intradermal. Vaksin yang diberikan akan menstimulasi respon imun dan dapat digunakan tidak saja sebagai upaya terapi pada penderita tapi berpotensi digunakan sebagai pencegahan.
Worm infection, especially caused by the Taenia solium tapeworm (taeniasis), is still found in Indonesia until today. The largest prevalence of taeniasis in Bali Province is located in Karangasem Regency. Taeniasis can occur if residents consume pork infected with Taenia solium, one of which is Balinese food namely red lawar. Karangasem residents who are still strong with the tradition of eating red lawar have a high risk of experiencing taeniasis if the process of making red lawar is not done properly. The education program for the residents is designed to prevent worm infection due to improper making process. The method applied is to provide insight into health science about taeniasis and how to make worm-free red lawar. The results showed that the program attracts residents’ attention, is able to be followed, and can be understood by the residents. This program has also been recommended to the village head to become a new habit in the making of red lawar.
Keywords: Worm infection, Education, Red lawar, Residents, Taeniasis.
Background : Assisted reproductive technology, one of which is intrauterine insemination (IUI) allows infertile couples to get pregnant. The pregnancy success of IUI procedure varies among individuals.
Objective: The study aim is to determine whether there is a relationship between smoker male partners and IUI success.
Methods: This research is an analytic study with cross-sectional approach conducted at Kasih Ibu General Hospital Denpasar with purposive sampling technique. There are 35 male couples aged 25-50 years who underwent the IUI procedure selected as samples. The research data was gathered from patient's medical records and statistically analyzed using the Chi-Square test.
Results: The study found that of the 35 samples, 13 (37.1%) were smokers, whereas 22 (62.9%) male partners were non-smokers. There were 6 (17.1%) samples’ partners who were pregnant after undergoing the IUI procedure, and 29 (82.9%) samples’ partners were not pregnant. It was found that there was no significant relationship between male partner smokers and the success of IUI at Kasih Ibu General Hospital Denpasar (p=0.832). However, in descriptive analysis and relative risk calculation, smoker male partner is less likely to achieve pregnancy than non-smoker’s male partner (RR=0.85).
Conclusion: Smoker male partners may not contribute to IUI success. Further studies should be done with a higher number of samples, multicenter, and more controlled risk factors to make it more accurate in determining the relationship.
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