We report a case of calcification in the wall of the bladder following treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with intravesical mitomycin C.
Retroperitoneal varices in portal hypertension may simulate the appearance of neoplastic masses or adenopathy. Contrast-enhanced CT scans clarify the diagnosis of large vascular channels. Three patients with large retroperitoneal varices demonstrated on CT had confirmation by angiography.The venous collaterals in portal hypertension are usually best shown by angiographic techniques [1][2][3][4]. However,the use of computed tomography [CT) to demonstrate thoracic and abdominal varices in patients with portal hypertension has been recently described [5,6]. The purpose of this paper is to report 3 cases in which large retroperitoneal varices resembled tumor masses. Awareness that varices can simulate masses on non-contrast-enhanced CT scans may obviate an erroneous CT diagnosis.
MethodsCT examinations were performed on a Delta 50 FS (case 1) or EMI 5005 (cases 2 and 3) scanner. Slice width was 13 mm with either contiguous (13 ram) or overlapping (10 ram) space increments. Intravenous contrast consisted of a bolus injection of 60-120 ml Renografin 60 (diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium). Case 1 received a bolus injection of Renografin 60 followed by 300 ml Reno M Dip (diatrizoate meglumine).
Case Reports
Case ]A 58-year-old man with a history of alcohol-induced liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy was admitted for obtundation. During hospitalization, he became septic due to a urinary tract infection.
A novel instrument for measurement of X-ray intensity from mammography consists of a sensitive pyro-electric detector, a high-sensitivity, low-noise current-to-voltage converter, a microcontroller and a digital display. The heart of this device, and what makes it unique is the pyro-electric detector, which measures radiation by converting heat from absorbed incident X-rays into an electric current. This current is then converted to a voltage and digitised. The detector consists of a ferro-electric crystal; two types were tested: lithium tantalate and lithium niobate. X-ray measurement in mammography is challenging because of its relatively low photon energy range, from 11 keV to 15 keV equivalent mean energy, corresponding to a peak tube potential from 22 to 36 kV. Consequently, energy fluence rate or intensity is low compared with that of common diagnostic X-ray. The instrument is capable of measuring intensities as low as 0.25 mW m(-2) with precision greater than 99%. Not only was the instrument capable of performing in the clinical environment, with high background electromagnetic interference and vibration, but its performance was not degraded after being subjected to 140 roentgen (3.6 x 10(-2) C kg(-2) air) as measured by piezo-electric (d33) or pyro-electric coefficients.
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