Context: Automobile pollution is becoming a potential threat to the cardiorespiratory health of the urban population of sub-Saharan Africa. The present study aims to evaluate the level of concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5 and PM10) near road traffic and the effects of exposure to automobile pollutants on pulmonary function and arteriolar blood oxygen saturation among sellers around road traffic. Materials and Methods: The study recruited 48 healthy people carrying out a sales activity near road traffic. PM2.5 and PM10 measurements were taken from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. using a Temtop Airing-1000 portable particle detector. Spirometric measurements were taken in the morning and in the evening from a portable Spirobank G spirometer. Oxygen saturation measurements were also taken in the morning and evening using a Pulse oxymeter CMS50D pulse oxymeter. Results: Mean values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25 -75) recorded in the evening were significantly lower than those obtained in the morning in the subjects of the total group and in the men. Only the mean values of PEF and FEF25 -75 obtained in the evening were significantly lower than those recorded in the morning in women. Minimum PM2.5 values recorded near road traffic were negatively correlated with evening PEF in men, while maximum PM10 values were negatively correlated with evening PEF in women. The blood oxygen saturation recorded in the evening How to cite this paper:
<p><strong>Context</strong>: In general, well-conducted psychomotor activities promote harmonious development and have a positive impact on children's health. These activities also condition the acquisition and improvement of the child's global motor skills. In the Commune of Porto-Novo, incomplete motor skills are observed among primary school children in both the public and private sectors. This is why the present study aims to investigate the causes of this observation in kindergarten in order to propose approaches to remedy it. <strong>Materials and Method</strong>: Twenty-seven (27) teachers from both public kindergartens with at least 100 pupils (15) and private kindergartens with at least 70 pupils (12) were randomly selected. They were grouped according to spontaneous, hidden and evoked interventions. Spontaneous and hidden interventions represent practices that are not conducive to children's psychomotor development, whereas evoked intervention was found to be the best option for promoting children's psychomotor development. Data were collected through individual semi-directive interviews and open observation in the classrooms. These data were analyzed and the percentages were compared. <strong>Results</strong>: Only 8 teachers (29.63%) practiced an evoked intervention. However, 19 teachers (70.37%) practiced either spontaneous (11) or covert (8) intervention. The comparison of these observed percentages shows a significant difference (p<0.05) at the 5% risk. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The incomplete achievements observed at the primary level are due to the lack of space, and teaching materials and especially to the lack of knowledge of the concept of psychomotricity and its implications. Initial training that deviates from these requirements does not seem to be conducive to the harmonious psychomotor development of kindergarten children.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0906/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Background: Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (EIB) is an inflammatory condition characterized by severe airway constriction following the mobilization of inflammatory cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6). When severe, EIB can require the use of pressurized salbutamol to treat athletes. This study investigated the nature of the systemic changes in inflammatory cells and post-exercise IL-6 concentrations after salbutamol treatment in EIB-susceptible distance runners. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study that enrolled 12 long-distance runners. In Session A, the participants completed a treadmill exercise test, and those who had a maximum expiratory volume per second (FEV1) that was decreased by at least 10% compared to their base value were placed in the EIB-susceptible group (EIB+) (n = 6). Those whose FEV1 did not meet this criterion were placed in the nonresponsive (EIB−) group (n = 6). Before the Session B exercise, athletes in the BIE+ group inhaled two puffs of salbutamol (EIB+ Salb), while their EIB− counterparts received no treatment. Spirometry was performed before and after the exercise using a Spirobank G portable spirometer. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 2 hours after the stress test. Results: The mean post-exercise FEV1 values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the EIB+ Salb group and the EIB− group. The systemic changes in inflammatory cells and IL-6 concentrations in the EIB+ runners after salbutamol treatment were similar to those observed in their EIB− counterparts. Conclusion: Salbutamol pretreatment improved the systemic immune status of EIB-susceptible athletes.
The objective of this study is to determine the effects of isolated exercise and those of repeated exercise on oxidative stress and the inflammatory process following exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Material and Method: 15 male Wistar rats, all eight weeks old, were randomly assigned to three groups. CO and NO2 were produced by the combustion of diesel fuel using a device contained in a sealed metal box and supplied with ambient air by a pump. The ranges of CO and NO2 concentrations to which the rats were exposed ranged from 35 to 45 ppm and 0.2 to 0.3 ppm, respectively. The aerobic workouts were performed on a rat treadmill. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after completion of handling at D4, D9 and D14. Variables studied were Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α). Results: Aerobic endurance training after repeated exposure to CO and NO2 induces at the end of the first training block (D4) a significant increase (p ˂ 0.01) in MDA and TNF-α. On the other hand, the second block (D9) and the third training block (D14) induced a significant decrease (p ˂ 0.01) in these same parameters. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise practiced in isolation exacerbates the oxidative stress and inflammation induced by exposure to CO and NO2. On the other hand, regular aerobic exercise in a less polluted environment, following five days of recovery, significantly reduces the high levels of oxidative stress and inflammation caused by repeated exposure to automobile pollutants.
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