Purpose The aim of this study is to identify burnout prevalence among ophthalmology residents and the predisposing factors associated with higher levels of burnout. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on all ophthalmology residents in Saudi Arabia using Maslach Burnout Inventory in January 2018. Associations between Emotional Exhaustion scores and other continuous variables were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Logistic regression model was constructed, and results were reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results A total of 117 residents responded to the survey with a 70% response rate. The response rate was above 65% for each training programs by region. 41% of ophthalmology residents scored a positive burnout result on the common subscales (Emotional Exhaustion and/or Depersonalization). Further sub-analysis of data showed positive Spearman’s correlation with number of call days per month and EE subscale ( r 0.195). Multivariate logistic regression of the sample yielded significant results with satisfaction with work/life balance and choosing medicine again as a graduate level major p ≤ 0.05. The regression model also showed the Southern program had significantly higher burnout on the common subscales p ≤ 0.05. Conclusions Prevalence of burnout among ophthalmology residents was lower when compared to plastic surgery and otolaryngology residents in Saudi Arabia. Work hours and on call days were associated with higher burnout. Actions must be taken to ensure that all training programs implement work hour limitations. Special attention should be given to the Southern region program due to its significantly higher levels of burnout.
Ocular involvement in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is relatively rare. The conjunctiva and eyelids are considered the most common affected sites in ocular pemphigus. Scleritis is rarely reported as a manifestation of PV. We present a case report of anterior scleritis as a manifestation of PV and its response to rituximab therapy.
AIM: To evaluate the causes of phakic implantable collamer lens (ICL) exchange/explantation in patients with and without keratoconus (KC) at two tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent ICL (model V4c with central port) exchange/explantation was performed using the electronic medical record systems. All available preoperative and postoperative data were documented for each patient. RESULTS: Over 7y, 2283 ICL implantation procedures were performed; 46 implants (2%) required exchange (21 implants)/explantation (25 implants), of which 14 cases (30.4%) were patients with KC. Indications for ICL exchange/explantation in non-KC group were vault measurement, cataract formation, increased intraocular pressure, inaccurate refraction, and patient dissatisfaction in 22 (68.75%), 4 (12.5%), 3 (9.37%), 2 (6.25%), and 1 (3.12%) case, respectively. The most common indication for ICL exchange/explantation in the KC group was inaccurate vault sizing in 11 patients (78.57%), inaccurate refraction in 2 patients (14.28%), and patient dissatisfaction postoperatively in 1 (7.14%) case. CONCLUSION: ICL implantation results in predictable refractive outcomes over the long term with exchange/explantation rates comparable to previous literature. Improper vault size is the most common cause of ICL exchange/explantation among patients with or without KC.
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors among Saudi adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting healthy Saudi adults (20–40 years old) at two major gatherings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from December 2018 to January 2019. Refractive errors were measured, and data pertaining to age, sex, region of origin, and spectacle use was collected. Clinically significant myopia was defined as SE ≥ -0.50 D, hyperopia as SE ≥ 0.50D, and astigmatism as cylindrical error ≥ 0.50D. Refractive error measurements were assessed using Topcon's Auto-Kerato-Refractometer, KR-800. RESULTS: A total of 660 adult individuals (1,319 eyes) were included in this study, of which 321 participants (48.7%) were found to be myopes, 167 subjects (25.2%) were hyperopes, and 438 individuals (66.3%) had astigmatism. With regards to correlations, myopia was highly correlated with being male ( P -value = 0.036), belonging to age group 20–25 years ( P -value = 0.033), originating from the northern regions of Saudi Arabia ( P -value <0.001). Similarly, hyperopia was significantly correlated with being male ( P -value = 0.048), age groups 20–25 years ( P -value = 0.04), and 31–35 years ( P -value = 0.011) and was higher in people from northern region ( P -value = 0.011). In contrast, astigmatism was only found to be correlated with age group 36–40 years ( P -value = 0.002). Additionally, 71.7% of myopic participants and 76.1% of astigmatic individuals opted not to wear spectacles ( P -value <0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, the refractive error with the highest prevalence among Saudis was astigmatism, followed by myopia and hyperopia. Gender, region of origin, and spectacle wear were all observed to be highly correlated with higher rates of refractive error.
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