Background: Because of the dramatic situation of malaria in Africa, there is an urgent need to find new and cheap drugs, such as herbal medicines. Here we report the study of the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of Momordica balsamina alone or in a traditional mixture used in Niger. Methods: Extracts were obtained with different solvents and tested in vitro on Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo on Plasmodium vinckei. Results: The best extracts are methanolic and present promising results in vivo by intraperitoneal and oral administration. Conclusion: The antimalarial activity of M. balsamina, traditionally used in Niger, is confirmed in vitro and in vivo without any toxicity in healthy mice.
RÉSUMÉProblématique : Le paludisme demeure un problème majeur de santé publique dans les pays intertropicaux. La situation socio-économique des pays d'endémie palustre couplée au développement de la résistance des souches de Plasmodium falciparum aux molécules couramment utilisées exigent la mise au point de nouveaux médicaments antipaludiques. Objectif : L'activité antiplasmodiale d'extraits éthanoliques dégraissés de six plantes issues de la pharmacopée traditionnelle du Niger a été évaluée et comparée à celle d'Artemisia annua. Méthodologie et résultats : La méthode utilisée est celle du test Mark III de l'OMS avec la souche chloroquinorésistante W2. L'activité antiplasmodiale a été discutée à la lumière du profil phytochimique des différentes plantes, déterminé par les méthodes standards de screening chimique. Ximenia americana (IC50 = 0.05µg/ml) et Prosopis africana (CI50 = 0.5µg/ml) présentent une excellente activité antiplasmodiale. Leur activité est meilleure que celle de la plante de référence : Artemisia annua (CI50 = 0.74µg/ml). Par contre Chrozophora brocchiana a une activité modérée (IC50 = 8.2µg/ml). Polycarpaea eriantha et Detarium microcarpum ont une activité faible (CI50 =18.4µg/ml et 31µg/ml). Quant à l'extrait de Saba senegalensis, il n'a montré aucune activité antiplasmodiale. Conclusion et perspectives : L'utilisation traditionnelle de Ximenia americana et Prosopis africana est justifiée. Un fractionnement bioguidé de ces extraits permettra d'identifier la/les principe(s) actif(s). D'autre part, la conception de médicaments traditionnels améliorés à base de ces plantes pourrait être envisagée. Les extraits de Chrozophora brocchiana, Polycarpaea eriantha et Detarium microcarpum sont moins actifs que la plante de référence. Enfin, Saba senegalensis n'a manifesté aucune activité antiplasmodiale. ABSTRACT Justification: Malaria remains a major public health problem in the tropical countries. The socio-economic situation of malaria-endemic countries coupled with the development of resistance strains of Plasmodium falciparum to commonly used molecules requires the development of new antimalarial drugs. Objective: The antiplasmodial activity of ethanol extracts of six plants of the traditional medicine of Niger was evaluated and compared with that of Artemisia annua. Methodology and results: the MarkIII test of WHO with W2 chloroquin-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum was used. The antiplasmodial activity was discussed in light of the phytochemical profile of different plants, chemical screening determined by standard methods. Ximenia Americana and Prosopis africana's extracts have excellent antiplasmodial activity, with respectively IC50 of 0.05 and 0.5µg/ml. These activities are better than Artemisia annua activity (IC50 = 0.74µg/ml) used as reference. However, a moderate activity was found for Chrozophora brocchiana (8.2µg/ml), a weak activity for Polycarpaea eriantha and Detarium microcarpum (18.4µg/ml and 31µg/ml), and no activity for Saba senegalensis's extract. Conclusion and applicat...
An analytical method based on the use of UV-irradiation to produce fluorescent derivatives from Etofenprox a non-fluorescent pyrethroid insecticide is described. The impact of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) micellar medium on the Etofenprox photochemically-induced fluorescence (PIF) is reported. Parameters influencing the sensitivity and repeatability of the PIF method have been optimized. The alkaline medium (NaOH 6 × 10(-2) M) + CTAC surfactant molecules (3.84 mg/ml) in acetonitrile is found to be very suitable for this pyrethroid insecticide analysis in environment matrices. Linear dynamic range is established over more than two orders of magnitude. The limit of detection is lower than 5 ng/ml. The method seems to be suitable for environmental matrices quality control. Application to the analysis of spiked natural waters gave recoveries rate ranged from 94 to 104% and 107 to 115% respectively for river and pound water.
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