This work describes the first thermally activated delayed fluorescence material enabling circularly polarized light emission through chiral perturbation. These new molecular architectures obtained through a scalable one-pot sequential synthetic procedure at room temperature (83% yield) display high quantum yield (up to 74%) and circularly polarized luminescence with an absolute luminescence dissymmetry factor, |glum|, of 1.3 × 10−3. These chiral molecules have been used as an emissive dopant in an organic light emitting diode exhibiting external quantum efficiency as high as 9.1%.
The design of fluorophores merging circularly polarized luminescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence properties has recently emerged as a promising direction for the development of efficient CP‐Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (CP‐OLEDs). This progress report gives an overview of the molecular designs explored to obtain CP‐TADF properties, of their performances as chiral emitters in CP‐OLEDs, and discusses future challenges for this burgeoning field of research.
As the benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) moiety is commonly used as the central assembling unit for the construction of functionalized supramolecular architectures, strategies to tailor the nature and stability of BTA assemblies are needed. The assembly properties of a library of structurally simple BTAs derived from amino dodecyl esters (ester BTAs, 13 members) have been studied, either in the bulk or in cyclohexane solutions, by means of a series of analytical methods (NMR, DSC, POM, FT-IR, UV-Vis, CD, ITC, high-sensitivity DSC, SANS). Two types of hydrogen-bonded species have been identified and characterized: the expected amide-bonded helical rods (or stacks) that are structurally similar to those formed by BTAs with simple alkyl side chains (alkyl BTAs), and ester-bonded dimers in which the BTAs are connected by means of hydrogen bonds linking the amide N-H and the ester C[double bond, length as m-dash]O. MM/MD calculations coupled with simulations of CD spectra allow for the precise determination of the molecular arrangement and of the hydrogen bond pattern of these dimers. Our study points out the crucial influence of the substituent attached on the amino-ester α-carbon on the relative stability of the rod-like versus dimeric assemblies. By varying this substituent, one can precisely tune the nature of the dominant hydrogen-bonded species (stacks or dimers) in the neat compounds and in cyclohexane over a wide range of temperatures and concentrations. In the neat BTAs, stacks are stable up to 213 °C and dimers above 180 °C whilst in cyclohexane stacks form at c* > 3 × 10 M at 20 °C and dimers are stable up to 80 °C at 7 × 10 M. Ester BTAs that assemble into stacks form a liquid-crystalline phase and yield gels or viscous solutions in cyclohexane, demonstrating the importance of controlling the structure of these assemblies. Our systematic study of these structurally similar ester BTAs also allows for a better understanding of how a single atom or moiety can impact the nature and stability of BTA aggregates, which is of importance for the future development of functionalized BTA supramolecular polymers.
Iridium(I) complexes of phosphine-phosphite ligands efficiently catalyze the enantioselective hydrogenation of diverse seven-membered CN-containing heterocyclic compounds (eleven examples; up to 97% ee). POP ligand L3, which incorporates an ortho-diphenyl substituted octahydrobinol phosphite fragment, provided the highest enantioselectivities in the hydrogenation of most of the heterocyclic compounds studied. The observed sense of stereoselection was rationalized by means of DFT calculations.
Molecular designs merging circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP-TADF) using the concept of chiral perturbation appeared recently as a cornerstone for the development of efficient CP-organic light emitting diodes (CP-OLED). Such devices could strongly increase the energy efficiency and performances of conventional OLED displays, in which 50% of the emitted light is often lost due to the use of antiglare filters. In this context, herein, ten couples of enantiomers derived from novel chiral emitter designs are reported, exhibiting CPL, TADF, and aggregation induced enhancement emission properties (AIEE). Representing the first structure properties relationship investigation for CP-TADF materials, this thorough experimental and theoretical work highlights crucial findings on the key structural and electronic parameters (isomerism, nature of the carbazole substituents) governing the synergy between CPL and TADF properties. To conclude this study, the first top emission CP-OLED is elaborated as a new approach of generating CP light in comparison with classical bottom-emission CP-OLED architecture. Indeed, the top-emission configuration represents the only relevant device architecture for future microdisplay applications. Thereby, in addition to offer molecular guidelines to combine efficiently TADF and CPL properties, this study opens new avenues toward practical applications for CP-OLEDs.
Some benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) monomers derived from (l) α-amino esters self-assemble into long rods at millimolar concentrations, and display a strong chiral amplification effect. These rods are in competition with dimeric species.
The highly enantioselective addition of Grignard reagents to acylsilanes is catalyzed by copper diphosphine complexes. This transformation affords α-silylated tertiary alcohols in up to 97% yield and 98:2 enantiomeric ratio. The competing Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction is suppressed by the use of a mixture of Lewis acid additives. The chiral catalyst can be recovered as a copper complex and used repeatedly without any loss of catalytic activity.
Organocatalytic access to N-tosylaziridines catalyzed by diarylprolinol trimethylsilyl ether [Ar = 3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 ] starting from different α-substituted-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes is described. The products were obtained in good yields (up to 86 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 90 % ee) and could
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