The first bioactive glass, 45S5, discovered by Hench in 1969, remains as the "Gold standard" in the field of bioactive glasses due to its excellent bioactivity. 1,2 It has been used for numerous applications including hard and soft tissue regeneration, 3-6 oral care and cosmetic products. 7,8 Particulates of 45S5 glass have been commercialized in several successful medical products including Perioglas ® (NovaBone Products LLC), Novabone ® (NovaBone Products LLC), and NovaMin ® (Glaxo-Smith-Kline). 9 However, due to its limited ability of densification associated with crystallization during sintering, 10,11 the shaping of 45S5 glass into complex structure at elevated temperatures remains challenging. So far, there has been no commercial 3D-structured products made from 45S5 glass using a high-temperature processing method. Extensive studies have been conducted to investigate the crystallization mechanism and kinetics in 45S5 glasses to
Ion exchange is a popular technique for chemically strengthening alkali‐containing glass articles, such as Corning® Gorilla® Glass. The ion exchange process is based on a replacement of small alkali ions in the glass with larger alkali ions from a molten salt bath through inter‐diffusion. As the larger alkali ions from the salt bath supplant the smaller alkali ions in the glass, a compressive stress profile is generated near the surface of the glass, which increases its strength and damage resistance. However, certain applications of high‐tech glasses require alkali‐free environments, such as glasses used as substrates for flat panel display applications. In this paper, we report the first successful chemical strengthening of an alkali‐free glass. This is achieved via an aqueous ion exchange of barium salts under high pressure and temperature. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that Ba2+ replaces both Ca2+ and B3+ in the glass, producing surface compressive stress values near 200 MPa. This technology may enable chemical strengthening for a wide range of applications, including flat panel display substrates.
Transparent materials with high strength and toughness are highly demanded as engineering materials for consumer electronic, structural, and optical applications. Inspired by the “brick‐and‐mortar” structure in nacre, transparent glass/polymer composites have demonstrated an exceptionally high toughness and impact resistance. However, these composites suffer from low strength and low working temperatures due to polymeric components. Herein, a simple bioinspired approach to achieve a combination of high fracture toughness (KIC = 2.0 MPa m1/2) and optical transparency in a lithium disilicate/apatite glass‐ceramic through the creation of an acicular crystalline phase and a weak glassy interface is reported. This bioinspired approach represents a new pathway to manufacturing transparent materials for a variety of applications where mechanical performance is a necessity.
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