Understanding the behaviour of herbicides in the soil can contribute to adapting the correct dose for efficient weed control with less environmental impact. In this study, we sought to evaluate the factors involved in the sorption, desorption, half-life and leaching processes of sulfometuron-methyl in three soil classes: Cambissolo Háplico (CX) (Inceptisol), Latossolo Vermelho (LV) (Oxisol) and Neossolo Quartzarênico (RQ) (Entisol). The sorption and desorption tests were performed using the “batch equilibrium" method. The studies of degradation and formation of metabolites were estimated from the half-life at the end of 180 days. Leaching potential was estimated by testing PVC columns filled with soil. Analyses were performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer for herbicide quantification. The higher sorption of sulfometuron-methyl in LV (2.81) is related to the low pH (4.7) and mineralogical composition, mainly due to the higher concentration of Fe and Al oxides in this soil, influencing the lower desorption of the herbicide in LV (0.59). This result contributed to more remarkable herbicide persistence in this soil, reducing the molecules available in the solution for degradation. These results contributed to the longer half-life (19 days) in LV compared to the other soils. Among the studied soils, RQ had the highest risk of transport of sulfometuron-methyl based on the GUS Index (2.2) due to its greater desorption (0.34). The results showed that the studied processes are dependent on the physical, chemical and mineralogical attributes of the different classes of soils.
As mudanças climáticas afetam a concentração de água, portanto, pesquisadores de todo o mundo tem aplicado métodos capazes de prever o que estas alterações causaram aos recursos hídricos. A produção de alimentos no território brasileiro provém majoritariamente da agricultura irrigada, necessitando por tanto, de uma boa gestão hídrica. A região semiárida do país já sofre com crises hídricas, devido, questões ambientais, como clima desfavorável. Havendo assim, necessidade de encontrar soluções rápidas e imediatas capazes de otimizar o uso da água, contribuindo para a sustentabilidade e qualidade de vida da população desta região. O objetivo deste trabalho é, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, apresentar as principais técnicas, como os bioindicadores e sensoriamento remoto, irrigação por condensação, os tanques de pedra e reuso de água, que podem ser aplicadas no semiárido brasileiro como subsídios à gestão dos recursos hídricos. Os resultados destas pesquisas apontam, que apesar das mudanças climáticas e aridez nessas regiões, é possível, com a utilização de novas tecnologias, gerir os recursos hídricos, minimizando a perda de água na irrigação.
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