distributed platform, Java, resource constraints, mobile computing Many visions of the future predict a world with pervasive computing, where computing services and resources permeate the environment. In these visions, people will want to execute a service on any available device without worrying about whether the service has been tailored for the device. We believe that it will be difficult to create services that can execute well on the wide variety of devices that are being developed because of problems with diversity and resource constraints.We believe that these problems can be greatly reduced by using an ad-hoc distributed platform to transparently offload portions of a service from a resource-constrained device to a nearby server. We have implemented a preliminary prototype and emulator to study this approach. Our experiments show the beneficial use of nearby resources to relieve both memory and processing constraints, when it is appropriate to do so. We believe that this approach will reduce the burden on service developers by masking many of the details of device diversity, resource limitations, and resource fluctuations.

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distributed systems, pervasive systems, peer-to-peer systems, mobile systems, research and deve lopment Technology has been advancing in the past century at an incredible rate. All predictions about the limits have been consistently broken for processor speed, network bandwidth, and memory size. Nevertheless, the way we use computers has not kept pace with the technology itself. Computers are still being used in a similar way as a couple of decades ago.We need to change the research from technology-centric to humancentric. Invisible computing, deployed for common users, and in new markets, can dramatically change the technology landscape. It can further influence the way we perceive and use computers and make a disruptive push of technology development. Pervasive and peer-to-peer computing are two efforts in this direction. We compare four different types of computing (distributed, mobile, pervasive, and peer-to-peer) with respect to disruptiveness, benefits, and challenges. Then we analyze research, technology, and management. Finally, we discuss four case study projects as examples of four types of computing and ways of how to conduct research. Technology has been advancing in the past century at an incredible rate. All predictions about the limits have been consistently broken for processor speed, network bandwidth, and memory size. Nevertheless, the way we use computers has not kept pace with the technology itself. Computers are still being used in a similar way as a couple of decades ago.We need to change the research from technology-centric to human-centric. Invisible computing, deployed for common users, and in new markets, can dramatically change the technology landscape. It can further influence the way we perceive and use computers and make a disruptive push of technology development. Pervasive and peer-to-peer computing are two efforts in this direction. We compare four different types of computing (distributed, mobile, pervasive, and peer-to-peer) with respect to disruptiveness, benefits, and challenges. Then we analyze research, technology, and management. Finally, we discuss four case study projects as examples of four types of computing and ways of how to conduct research.

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