Currently, there are different synthesis techniques to obtain new materials, however, one of the most used is electrochemical anodizing, which, by means of oxide-reduction reactions, allows modifying the surface of a metal, thus generating an oxide layer that protects the material in such a way that it improves its hardness values. In this research work, an electrochemical anodizing process was carried out on titanium grade 2, using HCl in aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.15 M and with voltage variation of 10V, 11V, 12V, 13V, and 14V as electrolyte. Subsequently, an annealing process was carried out at 550°C for 4h to obtain a crystalline titanium oxide coating. For the analysis of the oxide layer obtained, Vickers hardness tests were carried out with an applied load of 50g. The presence of a titanium oxide layer improved the hardness values from 2.07 GPa to 4.12 GPa.
Currently, electrochemical anodizing is one of the most common processes in materials science, since, under the right conditions, it allows to modify the material surface without damaging it by means of redox reactions, generating an oxide layer that protects the material and improves its properties. In this paper, grade 2 titanium was anodized using a solution of hydrochloric acid, glycerol, and deionized water as electrolyte, and 0.5 M K2CrO4 as doping agent, with a voltage of 30 V for 4.5 h. After anodizing with and without chromium, annealing was performed at different temperatures (500[Formula: see text]C, 600[Formula: see text]C and 700[Formula: see text]C) to promote structural and microhardness changes. The samples were analyzed by FE-SEM observing that the formation of nanostructures changes according to the heat treatment, where samples at 700[Formula: see text]C with chromium begin to form nanorods and, compared to those without chromium, the nanorods are longer. The presence of Cr in anodized TiO2 at different temperatures was confirmed by EDS technique. Using XRD, the microstructure of TiO2 anodized with and without Cr was analyzed and anatase and rutile phases were found, with greater presence of anatase for samples with Cr. Finally, a maximum hardness of up to 10.27 GPa was obtained from the sample at 700[Formula: see text]C without chromium, which is higher compared to the values of coatings with Cr. However, the anatase phase could be stabilized at higher temperatures making it suitable for medical applications since the anatase phase is the most biocompatible.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.