Graphene‐based supercapacitors have been attracting growing attention due to the predicted intrinsic high surface area, high electron mobility, and many other excellent properties of pristine graphene. However, experimentally, the state‐of‐the‐art graphene electrodes face limitations such as low surface area, low electrical conductivity, and low capacitance, which greatly limit their electrochemical performances for supercapacitor applications. To tackle these issues, hybridizing graphene with other species (e.g., atom, cluster, nanostructure, etc.) to enlarge the surface area, enhance the electrical conductivity, and improve capacitance behaviors are strongly desired. In this review, different hybridization principles (spacers hybridization, conductors hybridization, heteroatoms doping, and pseudocapacitance hybridization) are discussed to provide fundamental guidance for hybridization approaches to solve these challenges. Recent progress in hybridized graphene for supercapacitors guided by the above principles are thereafter summarized, pushing the performance of hybridized graphene electrodes beyond the limitation of pure graphene materials. In addition, the current challenges of energy storage using hybridized graphene and their future directions are discussed.
The outstanding chemical and physical properties of 2D
materials,
together with their atomically thin nature, make them ideal candidates
for metaphotonic device integration and construction, which requires
deep subwavelength light–matter interaction to achieve optical
functionalities beyond conventional optical phenomena observed in
naturally available materials. In addition to their intrinsic properties,
the possibility to further manipulate the properties of 2D materials
via chemical or physical engineering dramatically enhances their capability,
evoking new science on light–matter interaction, leading to
leaped performance of existing functional devices and giving birth
to new metaphotonic devices that were unattainable previously. Comprehensive
understanding of the intrinsic properties of 2D materials, approaches
and capabilities for chemical and physical engineering methods, the
resulting property modifications and novel functionalities, and applications
of metaphotonic devices are provided in this review. Through reviewing
the detailed progress in each aspect and the state-of-the-art achievement,
insightful analyses of the outstanding challenges and future directions
are elucidated in this cross-disciplinary comprehensive review with
the aim to provide an overall development picture in the field of
2D material metaphotonics and promote rapid progress in this fast
emerging and prosperous field.
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