The results of creating corn hybrids with yields no lower than 8-11 t/ha, with good wateryielding capacity during ripening, with good enough lodging and resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors are presented. Scientific and practical work was carried out in 2020, 2021 in the experimental field of the Laboratory of Breeding and Seed Production of Early-Maturing Corn in the Foothill Zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Evaluation of hybrid combinations of different ripeness groups: early-ripening with an index of early maturity FAO 170-220 and mediumripening - FAO 220-300 was conducted. Planting experiments in the control nursery and the study of experimental hybrid combinations on the main economic values were carried out according to generally accepted methodological recommendations. The hybrids were studied for the main economically valuable traits: harvest grain moisture, grain yield, grain yield at 14% moisture. In the ripeness group FAO 170-220 by harvesting moisture 8 hybrids were noted, by grain yield - 6, by grain yield - 7 combinations. In the variant FAO 220-300, 5 hybrid combinations were selected for harvesting moisture content, 7 hybrid combinations for grain output, 3 hybrid combinations for grain yield. This work on the evaluation of corn hybrids in the control nursery was carried out in accordance with the plan of research work. All hybrids selected in the scientific and practical work exceeded reliably (according to the evaluated indicators) the standard values in their ripeness groups.
The decline in the genetic polymorphism in maize is a cause of concern for many breeders. VIR maize collection represents the world’s maize variety over the past 100 years. The results of the study of maize quantitative properties based on 169 samples from the VIR collection created with the teosinte are shown. KB 595 hybrid, which belongs to the late-season group and is prone to multi-cob was used as a standard. Sowing and evaluation of phenotypic traits were carried out for 2 years in the foothills of Kabardino-Balkaria, in conditions of sufficient soil moisture, in the optimal time. All measurements were carried out on 10 plants with average values of 2 years and an LSD0.05. The results of the research allocated a core collection of 21 samples that promising for hybrid maize breeding and are characterized by significant height and leafiness of the stem, as well as a tendency to form 2 or more cobs on one stem. It has been suggested that the involvement of the selected core collection of 21 samples in thybrid maize breeding programs will significantly expand its genetic polymorphism and increase grain yield in hybrid combinations.
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