A Viking-Age hogback, recently discovered in the Wirral, is the smallest known example of this type of stone monument and forms part of a marked concentration of tenth-and eleventh-century carvings around the beach market at Meols. Its elaborate decoration is not only allusively Christian but visually asserts an identity with Hiberno-Norse groups in north Yorkshire.
Dr John MacCulloch MD was a pioneer of geological cartography. Prior to his surveys there had been few attempts to map and survey Scotland. Of these few, only the student efforts of Louis-Albert Necker de Saussure and the published map of Aimé Boué have attempted to show the whole country. MacCulloch's geological map of Scotland, published posthumously in 1836, remains one of the great cartographic milestones in the history of geology. Earlier, MacCulloch was the first government-appointed geologist through his work on the Board of Ordnance whilst carrying out the Millstone, Meridian and Mountain surveys. MacCulloch's work often generated controversy after 1820 when others began to take an interest in Scottish geology. MacCulloch
Abstract:This volume was proposed after Peter Tandy and Joe McCall organized a 1-day
No abstract
The matching of meteorite types held in our collections to asteroid classes, and even individual asteroids, may perhaps be said to commence with Olmsted's meteor researches and Wienek's pioneering photographic meteor image taken in 1885. Photographic fireball network surveys started up during the 1960s and three major national programmes were initiated during this period; each resulting in the recovery of one meteorite, Pfibram, Lost City and Innisfree. Although photographic surveys had low meteorite recovery rates they, nevertheless, provided invaluable data on the population of meteoroids in near-Earth space.Dynamical considerations ~e paramount in connecting meteorites with cometary or asteroidal sources of supply. Ernst Opik originally raised the question of locating the mechanism for delivering asteroid fragments to Earth within a timescale and flux that matches known meteorite falls. Several workers took up (3pik's 1963 challenge, so that today the dynamical conditions and potential delivery mechanisms existing at the Kirkwood Gaps within the asteroid belt are better understood.Pioneering work by Brobovnikoff in 1929 initiated the field of spectrophotometric studies of asteroid surfaces. He attempted to correlate asteroid spectra with the reflective properties of meteorites. Advances in instrumentation led McCord in 1969 to initiate the modern era of asteroid spectrophotometric studies. This is a burgeoning field of contemporary research that has had some success in identifying possible meteorite-asteroid class linkages and even possible meteorite-asteroid matches, i.e. Vesta and howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) meteorites. However, space weathering of asteroid surfaces may mask the true asteroidal reflectance characteristics.In recent years spacecraft flyby missions have revealed more about the surface morphologies of asteroids: notably the S class asteroids (951) Gaspra, (243) Ida and the C class asteroid (253) Mathilde. Asteroids are no longer points of light or spectral curves but are bodies with distinct surface morphologies and geological histories. This was exemplified by the soft landing of the NEAR-Shoemaker spacecraft on (433) Eros in 2001 after a year-long orbital mission.However, it is still difficult to reconcile the meteorites held in our collections with the known distribution of asteroid classes and it may be that they are possibly incompatible sets.
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