Complex coacervation of chitosan with β-cyclodextrin- and poly(vinyl alcohol)-functionalized pectin: ability for simultaneous removal of six different aromatic compounds.

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The interaction between polyelectrolytes and metal ions is governed by different types of interactions, leading to the formation of different phases, from liquid state to weak gels, through an appropriate choice of metal ion/polyelectrolyte molar ratio. We have found that lanthanide ions, europium(III) and terbium(III), are able to form polymer composites with poly(sodium acrylate). That interaction enhances the luminescent properties of europium(III) and terbium(III), showing that Eu3+/poly(sodium acrylate) (PSA) and Tb3+/PSA composites have a highly intense red and green emission, respectively. The effect of cations with different valences on the luminescent properties of the polymer composites is analyzed. The presence of metal ions tends to quench the composite emission intensity and the quenching process depends on the cation, with copper(II) being by far the most efficient quencher. The interaction mechanism between lanthanoid ions and PSA is also discussed. The composites and their interactions with a wide range of cations and anions are fully characterized through stationary and non-stationary fluorescence, high resolution scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction.

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Aromatic hydrocarbons are extensive environmental pollutants occurring in both water and air media, and their removal is a priority effort for a healthy environment. The use of adsorbents is among the several strategies used for the remediation of these compounds. In this paper, we aim the synthesis of an amphiphilic hydrogel with the potential for the simultaneous sorption of a set of monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with toxicity effects in humans. Thus, we start by the synthesis of a copolymer-based in chitosan and β-cyclodextrin previously functionalized with the maleic anhydride. The presence of β-cyclodextrin will confer the ability to interact with hydrophobic compounds. The resulting material is posteriorly incorporated in a cryogel of poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix. We aim to improve the amphiphilic ability of the hydrogel matrix. The obtained hydrogel was characterized by swelling water kinetics, thermogravimetric analysis, rheological measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. The sorption of aromatic hydrocarbons onto the gel is characterized by pseudo-first-order kinetics and Henry isotherm, suggesting a physisorption mechanism. The results show that the presence of maleic anhydride-β-cyclodextrin and chitosan into hydrogels leads to an increase in the removal efficiency of the aromatic compounds. Additionally, the capacity of this hydrogel for removing these pollutants from a fossil fuel sample has also been tested.

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