Over 1.7 billion students around the world have had their education disrupted by the spread of the Coronavirus disease worldwide. Schools and universities have not faced this level of disruption since World War II. The COVID-19 pandemic presented a colossal challenge for teachers to urgently and massively adapt all their classes to distance learning in order to maintain educational continuity with the same quality. Even if some teachers and certain classes were ready to face the situation, a large majority had to adapt their teaching and learning in a very short time without training, with insufficient bandwidth, and with little preparation. This unexpected and rapid transition to online learning has led to a multiplication of teachers' strategies for distance learning in lectures, tutorials, project groups, lab works, and assessments. The purpose of this paper is to present the feedback from students and teachers who participated in the lockdown semester of two different groups of a 5-year program in Chemistry, Environment and Chemical Engineering (100 students) at INSA Toulouse (France). The analysis has highlighted some great successes and some failures in the solutions proposed. Consequently, some guidelines can be given to help us all to learn the lessons of such a singular experience in order to face the unexpected future with more knowledge and more successful distance learning. Teachers have shown very strong resilience during this crisis, at the cost of significant personal commitment. They admit that they have learned more about distance education in two months than in the last 10 years.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The discharge flow of a Rushton turbine is characterized by a counter-rotating vortex pair generated behind the impeller blade. The objective here is to characterize these trailing vortices. To this end, PIV measurements were synchronized with blade position. These measurements were performed to identify and locate the trailing vortices, according to an identification technique proposed to detect a vortical region. The advantage of this method for determining the trailing vortex is highlighted after comparison to previous techniques. The trajectory of the vortices is deduced and it is shown to follow the phase-averaged velocity field induced by the impeller. The trailing vortices were characterized in terms of size and velocity circulation within the vortex.The interactions between these organized structures and turbulence were also illustrated.

No abstract