We characterized the G-SNR and the OSNR of an SDM-compatible submarine optical cable with different modulation formats and symbol rates up to 101 GBd, observing good agreement between all G-SNR measurements.

We demonstrate the power profile estimation over a deployed 10,000-km submarine link using digital processing at the receiver. We experimentally show that we estimate span lengths with 0.49km uncertainty and locate multiple power losses.

We analyze more than 100 subsea experiments with various configurations of rates, modulations, powers, reach and show a format and rate agnostic, accurate QoT prediction tool. We particularly show the impact of signal droop and the connection between GAWBS models based on spectral measurements and system impact.

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We experimentally assessed that total net throughput of submarine cables can be predicted from G-SNR measurements with inaccuracy <3% when the system is operated close or below the nonlinear threshold using probabilistic constellation shaping modulation formats. © 2022 The Author(s)